The Volokh Conspiracy
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No Retroactive Pseudonymization for Frequent Litigant
From Magistrate Judge Michael Hegarty's opinion Friday in Glapion-Pressley v. City & County of Denver (D. Colo.):
Plaintiff files her Motion in four civil actions that she has commenced in the federal District of Colorado:
(1) Glapion v. Castro, 14-cv-01699-MEH
(2) Glapion v. Jewell, 14-cv-03236-MEH
(3) Glapion-Pressley v. Denver, 19-cv-02806-RM-MEH
(4) Glapion-Pressley v. Denver, 21-cv-02362-RM-MEH
Plaintiff brought all of the above lawsuits alleging employment discrimination. All four were resolved in the respective defendants' favor, and the cases were closed. Plaintiff appealed Case Nos. (1)-(3), which the Tenth Circuit affirmed. This Court notes that Plaintiff commenced two additional civil actions in the federal District of Colorado (which she does not identify in her Motion):
(5) Glapion v. Castro, 14-cv-03237-MEH,
(6) Glapion v. Janski, 21-cv-02812-GPG
Case No. (5) also concerned employment discrimination. For Case No. (6), Plaintiff alleged discrimination by the Arapahoe County Court magistrate judge who presided over a lawsuit in which she was a litigant. These two lawsuits also are closed, but Plaintiff did not appeal them….
[Plaintiff] asks to redact all personal-identifying information and to replace references to her name with her initials, "MRG". In practical effect, Plaintiff asks to keep the fact that she litigated Case Nos. (1)-(4) confidential—despite the positive feedback she has received from the public about "her courage to 'fight the good fight' exposing high level officials violating Constitutional Protected Rights by public Title VII civil actions." …
Plaintiff bases her Motion on three general areas of concern. First, she seeks to avoid the fact of Case Nos. (1)-(4) from being mentioned in the several state court and quasi-judicial administrative proceedings involving herself and relatives. Second, she cites personal safety. She has not participated in any social media since 2014, and she reported tampering with her mailbox to the U.S. Postal Service. Third, she seeks to preserve her ability to act as a whistleblower as well as to pursue current and future employment prospects.
However, Plaintiff articulates no specific reason for redacting her identity as the party who commenced Case Nos. (1)-(4). She does not explain how the fact of her lawsuits unduly prejudices other judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings involving her or family members. Likewise, she did not explain how the address she gave for Case Nos. (1)-(4) unduly prejudices family members who are party to state juvenile or other state court proceedings of a protective nature (or why this federal court should interfere with a state court protective proceeding in the first place). She identifies no actual hinderance on whistle-blowing activities, and her employment and stalking-related concerns are too vaguely stated.
Restricting public access to litigation is an exceptional form of relief. Instead, as the Court states at D.C.COLO.LCivR 7.2(a), … that "the public shall have access to all documents filed with the court and all court proceedings." That policy naturally extends to the identity of the litigants who appear before the Court and who are subject to its Orders.
Any litigant obviously faces the potential that the fact of a lawsuit will have some sort of effect on some future matter. Litigating a lawsuit publicly logically means that the public will know about the litigation. To grant Plaintiff retroactive anonymity would be an extraordinary departure from the Court's policy. The defendants whom she sued in Case Nos. (1)-(4) have a countervailing interest in the integrity of the final judgments entered in those cases.
Even if this Court were to grant the Motion, it would have little practical effect. To begin with, Plaintiff seeks anonymity for only four of her six past federal lawsuits, and although she asks for such relief, this Court has no jurisdiction to make her Tenth Circuit appeals anonymous as well. Most importantly, there is the simple fact that Plaintiff already litigated and appealed Case Nos. (1)-(4) in an open forum, and many of the reasons she gives for retroactive anonymity imply others' already existing knowledge of them. Accordingly, Plaintiff's Motion to Restrict Public Access … is denied.
For plaintiff's side of the story, see her motion. Magistrate Judge Hegarty also decided the case I noted in Court Depseudonymizes Plaintiff, After Evidence Related to Plaintiff's Past Cases Emerges (now on appeal, in which I have been participating, to the Tenth Circuit).
