The Volokh Conspiracy
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Death Sentence of Nidal Hasan, the Fort Hood Multiple Murderer, Affirmed by U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals
The opinion, handed down Friday, is here. The issues are outside my core expertise, but the case seemed interested enough that I thought I'd note it, especially since I haven't seen it covered elsewhere. Here is the introduction and conclusion:
On 5 November 2009, at Fort Hood, Texas, appellant fired into a crowd of soldiers attending a pre-deployment Solder Readiness Processing (SRP) in a building dedicated to that purpose. Appellant's attack killed thirteen individuals and wounded thirty-two.
On 23 August 2013, an officer panel sitting as a general court-martial convicted appellant of thirteen specifications of premeditated murder and thirty-two specifications of attempted murder in violation of Articles 118 and 80, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. §§ 918 and 880 (2006 & Supp. II 2009) [UCMJ]. The panel sentenced appellant to death, dismissal, and forfeiture of all pay and allowances. The convening authority approved the adjudged sentence. Appellant was represented by military counsel for most of the pretrial proceedings, but appeared pro se during the merits and sentencing portions of the trial. This case is now pending automatic appellate review, pursuant to Article 66, UCMJ.
Appellate defense counsel raise fourteen assigned errors on appeal. We find all claims lack merit and affirm the findings and sentence. Nonetheless, the following seven assigned errors bear discussion: (1) whether the military judge erred in allowing appellant to represent himself; (2) whether the military judge erred in allowing appellant to represent himself at sentencing in a capital case; (3) whether the military judge erred in denying standby counsel's motion for the independent presentation of mitigation evidence; (4) whether the Staff Judge Advocate was disqualified from providing the Article 34, UCMJ, pretrial advice; (5) whether the military judge should have sua sponte excused certain panel members; (6) whether the military judge erred in denying appellant's motions for change of venue due to pretrial publicity and heightened security measures; and (7) whether this court can conduct its review pursuant to Article 66, UCMJ, because appellate defense counsel could not access the entire record of trial….
On consideration of the entire record, we AFFIRM the findings of guilty and the sentence.
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There is a dose response curve to all remedies. Too little does not work. Too much is toxic. That means a lot of work to graph the curve of the proper dosing of a remedy. I estimated that 10000 executions would be required to obtain its sole benefit, incapacitation of the violent birth cohort.
Today's death penalty practice is a complete failure, except to generate $billion in lawyer rent seeking appellate business, a worthless waste of money.
The opiate overdose crisis now kills over 50000 criminals, a year, each of which will not commit 200 felonies a year. Crime was at risk of disappearing.
The poverty caused by the lawyer phony, worthless, COVID lockdown of the economy has caused a surge in crime, to preserve lawyer employment, to further Chinese Communist Party interest in damaging our nation, and to enrich the tech billionaires with an additional $trillion in net worth in 2020.
I still support the Italian death penalty. Guard waves a carton of cigarettes. The bothersome, violent criminal is stabbed 50 times. The investigation finds, he committed suicide. This is a neat prison housekeeping function. Italy's prison suicide rate has been deemed a crime against humanity, by pro-criminal lawyers, of course.
I believe the Massachusetts authorities used that method on Fr. Geoghan.
That death penalty worked and did not cost $2 million in legal fees.
Until someone can invent a time machine, the same logic applies to incarceration.
I have a hunch the Biden will not state that incarceration for rape/sexual assault charges should be eliminated: the crimes that have resulted in the most wrongful convictions.
"There is a dose response curve to all remedies. "
There is a dose response curve to everything. Even water is toxic at sufficiently high doses.
Matt. The strongest poison in the world, when diluted, has 700+ medical benefits. Water, if swallowed faster than the kidneys can put it out, will swell brain cells, and smash them against the skull, causing seizures and death.
So when someone says something is good or bad, demand the dose to which they are referring. We should demand the curves for all legal remedies be worked out in small jurisdictions before enactment in large ones. Marijuana. Immigration. Taxes. Police funding. Legal liability.
Whatever substance you're taking, you're taking too little. Or too much.
Hi, David. Aren't you the one who believes in mind reading, future forecasting, and that standards of conduct come from a fictitious character with the anxious personality of Mickey Mouse? Isn't your occupation the one that takes our $trillion and returns nothing of value. Indeed, every year one of you lives destroys $2 million in economic value.
What do you think is the strongest poison in the world and what benefits do you think it has when diluted?
Botulinum toxin has 700 medical benefits.
You won't live that long -- too much water messes up your electrolytes, preventing signal transmission on your neural network and hence your heartbeat.
That's why I signed the petition to ban dihydrogen monoxide.
"Biden has also indicated that he will not only halt federal executions, he will seek to end it by legislation and incentivize states to end the punishment as well. Speaking about death row inmates who had since been exonerated, Biden called for the end of the punishment. “Because we can’t ensure that we get these cases right every time, we must eliminate the death penalty,” he tweeted last year. " https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/11/biden-once-championed-the-death-penalty-now-he-wants-to-stop-trumps-execution-spree/
Joe Biden, unlike Trump [per anonymous allegations] , cares for US soldiers. Well, not those 13 soldiers. Or those other 32 soldiers.
It’s possible to care deeply about victims while simultaneously believing the death penalty is a bad policy.
But what principled reason could thee possibly be not to execute this guy?
That his death doesn’t solve anything and isn’t what our government should be endorsing.
It solves the very real problem that this monster is still alive. And the idea that if you commit a crime this serious, you may forfeit your right to live is exactly the message that I want my government to send.
I realize I didn't express myself very clearly in my first post: I can understand the position that the death penalty isn't worth it, or is too risky, or otherwise should be removed as an option. I can even understand an across-the-board decision not to seek the death penalty in new cases.
What I don't understand is how, having legally obtained a valid death sentence in this case, anyone would think that the government shouldn't try to have it carried out forthwith.
And I think that government should recognize the base humanity of even such monsters. That doing so sets an example for our citizens and the world.
That's the message I want my government to send.
This is a baseline moral argument; it's axiomatic and we won't agree. And I am very much in the minority in America, but it's not illegitimate or impossible to understand.
If you have a moral issue with a government action, the government refraining from going through with it at just about any stage seems fine, no?
That the government should lead by example. If it's going to tell us that it's wrong to kill people, then it shouldn't kill people.
That the goal is to reduce the amount of violence, and any violent act, including executions, thwarts that goal.
That we're better than that. Just because he's a piece of shit who killed people -- and he is -- doesn't mean we have to follow his example.
That even though in his case there's no question as to guilt, keeping the death penalty on the books means there will be other cases in which people will be executed in which there is a question as to guilt. In fact, two of our states abolished the death penalty after executing innocent men.
I’m not a fan of the death penalty and would be happy to see the practice ended.
But I don’t buy the argument about it setting the wrong example.
It’s wrong to kidnap innocent people and hold them against their will. So does that mean we need to stop sending kidnappers to prison, and keeping them against their will, because it sets a bad moral example?
There is a difference between aggression against an innocent person and punishing a criminal, right?
The death penalty is probably a bad idea for several reasons, but not because killing a murderer is morally equal to killing an innocent person.
If it’s going to tell us that it’s wrong to kill people
It doesn't tell us any such thing. It tells us that it's wrong to murder people. It's funny that on a legal blog we have regular commenters who still don't know the difference between the more general "kill" vs the more specific "murder".
That the goal is to reduce the amount of violence
Who says that's the goal? The goal is (or at least should be) to minimize the amount of unjustified violence committed against the innocent against their will.
But I don't think it's wrong to kill people, nor does the government: we think it's wrong to kill people without justification. (The fact that this guy was in the army, an organization which the government organizes for the specific purpose of killing people, kind of illustrates that point.)
Do you have a problem with the military police trying to kill him to stop his shooting spree, or does that also set a bad example?
It makes him a martyr.
Far better to let him rot in the SuperMax.
You can think one person deserves the death penalty and at the same time acknowledge our system is too fallible to have that penalty be available.
For sure, but there's no serious question that the system didn't fail here. So I don't see why anyone would to throw out this particular death sentence.
Biden's claimed principal reason is that we cannot be sure we get these cases right any time.
Is there any even unreasonable doubt in this case?
No. But in theory every death row inmate was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
In practice we know for a fact that we've executed innocent people. Better to let the Hasans of the world rot in a hole than execute an innocent man.
I can certainly understand the argument that we should eliminate executions going forward because the risks and costs are too high. I don't understand why you would throw out obviously justified death sentences like this one that have already been obtained.
“Because we can’t ensure that we get these cases right every time, we must eliminate the death penalty,” he tweeted last year. ”
That applies to all human activity. End driving until no crashes can be guaranteed. End walking until no falling can be guaranteed.
It's also true of incarceration. If 50 people in the US are wrongly convicted and and are, on the average, incarcerated for two years, that's 100 life-years lost which is more (probably about twice) the life-years lost to a single wrongly convicted and executed inmate.
I support the death penalty, however I would like to see a new option in addition to Not Guilty and Guilty (beyond reasonable doubt) if the death sentence is being sought. The additional option would be Guilty Beyond Rational Doubt and only if that is returned can the sentence be the death penalty (I suspect in this case, if it were a civilian case, the evidence would likely meet the standard of Guilty Beyond Rational Doubt).
Jury instructions for such cases would include information about the statistical failures of eyewitness identification when the eyewitness is not very familiar with the person being identified, the unreliability of "prison snitches", the risk of an individual witness lying, etc.
I'm sure your feeble rationalizations would be great comfort to the innocent people mistakenly sentenced to death.
So, direct appeals took seven years?
"The panel sentenced appellant to death, dismissal, and forfeiture of all pay and allowances."
So there!
I love how Biden will end the death penalty and throw hundreds of lawyers out of work, and save the taxpayer $billion on worthless make work.
I said, the Democrat core constituencies will suffer the greatest agonies from this election. Add this policy to that list of agonies.
I still look forward to this. The Philadelphia suburban feminists who put Biden in office will be forced to house homeless Democrats in their upstairs bedrooms. Watching TV Democrat propaganda outlets, it seems being a triple bagger is a requirement to be in the Democrat Party.
So will Biden commute the death sentence? That will be very unpopular with one soldier I know, a Ft. Hood survivor who is a psychotherapist who treated many of the other survivors.
You know, that is the other side of this -- the perp was a psychologist who, in theory, was supposed to be helping soldiers. How f*cked-up does the Army have to be in order to not notice someone like him?!?
They knew about him, minimized his problems, foisted him off on another base. They solved their own problems with him, without addressing his.
The perp is a fully trained, though not board certified psychiatrist, that is an MD (DO or equivalent degree), not a psychologist (no unrestricted license to practice medicine. The Army had years of experience with Hassan as an enlisted soldier, later 6 more years(?!) as a medical student at the military medical school (USUHS), performing marginally at best, and then 6 years as an intern, psychiatry resident, and psychiatry fellow. That he wasn't discharged involuntarily for any of a number of reasons was tragic misjudgment (or outright misfeasance) on the parts of many most qualified to make the determination that he was unfit to serve and a danger to others. The Army labeled his murderous rampage as an act of "workplace violence" until he was convicted of multiple murders of fellow military personnel. Little doubt that Hassan's religion made others around and above him excessively hesitant to deal with him if as they almost certainly would have had he not been a Muslim.
In deciding on an appropriate punishment for Hassan, I think the special circumstances of his murders should argue for the maximum penalty under the law. Nothing to mitigate, considerable amount aggravate.
I find it remarkable that conservatives, who accept as a article of faith that in any other context government employees are stupid, incompetent and venial, nevertheless accept with the faith of a child that it can be trusted to decide who should live and who should die. To hear conservatives tell it, government can't even fix potholes or deliver the mail, but it has the competence to decide whether someone's life should permanently be snuffed out.
Now, I think there are actually far better arguments than that for abolishing the death penalty, but the disconnect between what conservatives usually believe about government competence and this sure is striking.
This is often a problem, and I don't know of a sure cure (though maybe paying more for defense lawyers, and letting juries impose damages on prosecutors who bring excessive or false charges, would be a start).
Now, in this particular case, we're not talking about a whodunit. We know that this guy deliberately shot and killed a lot of fellow soldiers who were supposed to be on his side - what to do with such a soldier?
One thought is if those soldiers had had their personal weapons we wouldn't be having this discussion. Either he would have been dissuaded or killed.
Exonerations by DNA since 1973 death sentencing resumed = 172.
Beyond a reasonable doubt means 20% chance of being wrong. So the performance has far exceeded expectation, with 9000 death sentences.
re: "Beyond a reasonable doubt means 20% chance of being wrong"
Uhm, no. The closest to a numerical standard is Blackstone's Ratio which puts it as less than 10%. Benjamin Franklin's expression of that principle put it at 1%. (Letter from B Franklin to B Vaughan dtd 14 March 1785)
Except in this case, it's quite clear he's guilty.
If Bradley Manning had been executed, Obama wouldn't have been able to pardon him/her/it.
I don't know the answers to these questions, but contrary to Professor Baude's opinion, I think criminal sentencing by a military court is unconstitutional running afoul of Article III. The military certainly shoud have a mechanism to police itself but that should be limited in what the judge can order. They can order discharge, pay decrease, reduction in rank. I'm on the fence regarding fines. But that is all that is necessary to police the military. Incarceration (or death) is not. That I I think squarely fits into the judicial power of Article III.