"Erin Brockovich" Town Shows No Cancer Cluster
Hinkley, California, the town made famous in the Oscar-winning Julia Roberts movie Erin Brockovich, does not show any evidence of an increased rate of cancers.
Pacific Gas and Electric, which released a toxic plume of hexavalent chromium 6 from a Hinkley-based natural gas pipeline station, paid a record $333 million to settle a class-action suit in 1996. But the California Cancer Registry has now completed three studies that show cancer rates remained normal in from 1988 to 2008.
From a very strange story by the Los Angeles Times' Louis Sahagun, who starts out with the Registry's findings but then lists more anecdotes about residents (including an eight-year old dog) who claim PG&E-related ailments:
From 1996 to 2008, 196 cancers were identified among residents of the census tract that includes Hinkley — a slightly lower number than the 224 cancers that would have been expected given its demographic characteristics, said epidemiologist John Morgan, who conducted the California Cancer Registry survey.
The survey did not attempt to explain why any individual in Hinkley contracted cancer, nor did it diminish the importance of Pacific Gas & Electric Co. cleaning up a plume of groundwater with elevated levels of chromium 6, Morgan said.
"In this preliminary assessment we only looked at cancer outcomes, not specific types of cancer," Morgan said. "However, we did look at a dozen cancer types in earlier surveys of the same census tract for the years between 1988 and 1998. Overall, the results of those surveys were almost identical to the new findings, and none of the cancers represented a statistical excess."
The LAT calls the rate of cancers in Hinkley "fewer…than expected." That depends on who was doing the expectin'. Back in 2000, when the movie came out, Walter Olson wrote in Reason that the Hinkley cancer cluster did not seem to be materializing and gave a thumbs down to the performances of the actual (rather than the Hollywood) Brockovich and her boss, Thousand Oaks personal injury lawyer Edward Masry.
Coincidentally, Brockovich is now back in Hinkley, pursuing claims about a return of the chromium plume.
Editor's Note: As of February 29, 2024, commenting privileges on reason.com posts are limited to Reason Plus subscribers. Past commenters are grandfathered in for a temporary period. Subscribe here to preserve your ability to comment. Your Reason Plus subscription also gives you an ad-free version of reason.com, along with full access to the digital edition and archives of Reason magazine. We request that comments be civil and on-topic. We do not moderate or assume any responsibility for comments, which are owned by the readers who post them. Comments do not represent the views of reason.com or Reason Foundation. We reserve the right to delete any comment and ban commenters for any reason at any time. Comments may only be edited within 5 minutes of posting. Report abuses.
Please
to post comments
Facts schmacts. Julia Roberts is still awesome.
You're dead to me Cavanaugh.
+1
I didn't think you could surprise me, Tim. Congratulations. I think I'll go puke now.
How many times did I hold your hair over the toilet while you were puking up everything but your memories?
Any woman who loves anal sex is ok with me.
Brockovich has been all over my teevee thumping the tub for some ambulance-chasing shyster. She's pathetic.
so when does Julia return the Oscar?
No can do. You knew what you were getting. The only person I know who doesn't curve the grading for what they see coming out of Hollywood for liberal bias is a baby boomer in her sixties who believes Ted Kennedy was set up and framed for Chappaquiddick.
Weird, for a simple to spell name like Kennedy, I get the red line of correction from Firefox, but for Chappaquiddick it gives me the correct spelling so I can look a little more attentive than I actually am, yet Chappaquiddick is only known for that one thing that involves a Kennedy.
But you digress.
It's called "acting" for a reason.
"It's called "acting" for a reason."
And it's something Julia Roberts has fully proven herself incapable of doing.
You mean people would make false claims for money? Lawyers will sell future scenarios as facts?
And judges and juries will award outrageous sums of money, send people to prison and levy fines based on speculation?
Right....this is America and we...oh, shit. We do.
'False claims' is a bit strong, since it implies that the plaintifs knew they were wrong. Those people were sick, and presented with what appeared to be a credible explanation. I'm sure their hurt and anger was quite real, even if based on misinformation. (Remember that we're just now seeing something that appears definitive.)
Why can't we sue courts for stupid and incorrect decisions that cause damages?
Did they pay for negligently causing all those people cancer or negligently exposing those people to a higher risk of cancer? Both are, and should be, actionable I should think.
Wait. A *higher risk* of any potentially deadly situation should be actionable?
Do you sue the drivers around you when you cross the street in the crosswalk? Are they directly responsible for their emmisons from their cars, which could raise the risk of you getting cancer?
Last I checked, you need actual damages to recover, not the chance of damage.
The crosswalk scenario you cite and the release of a potentially dangerous chemical are not parallel. There are known risks in entering a crosswalk; the carcinogenic risk of a chemical is not fully understood. In addition, the release was due to negligence; the presence of drivers on the road is not.
I would say that PG&E was liable for creating a potentially hazardous situation and the stress that ensued. TBS, the $333 million award seems vastly disproportionate. I doubt even lifetime full medical coverage, compensation for anyone who actually became ill over the next 100 years and a $10K per capita stress award would have come to a tenth of that amount, even with punitive damages thrown in.
As for the actual number of cases: Given the population size, I'd guess that the occurrence rate is within the standard deviation for a sample of that size.
In addition, the release was due to negligence; the presence of drivers on the road is not.
In terms of the dubious idea of making increased risk actionable, should it matter whether or not negligence is the proximate cause?
MNG was arguing that the mere presence of increased risk should be actionable, which is absurd. You face all sorts of instances of increased risk throughout any typical day. Shouldn't they all be actionable, then?
In terms of emotional distress, there should be an objective standard from which to work from, otherwise, it's just a big soap opera for the jury.
My rememberance is that while proof of negligence is indeed required, demonstration of actual harm is also required. If the plaintiff dodges a bullet, so does the defendant. Any lawyers around to clear this up?
You're asking for a lawyer to clear something up? What planet are you from?
Nah... for example, higher risk of anything such as loss of income not necessary. For that matter, negligible risk of loss of income is also not necessary. Give me my BP money!
...so I can spend it on coke.
MNG|12.13.10 @ 10:53PM|#
"Did they pay for negligently causing all those people cancer or negligently exposing those people to a higher risk of cancer? Both are, and should be, actionable I should think."
Gotta be spoof. MNG isn't that dumb.
Well, in that case there must be a lot of MNG spoofers out there....
Because of the way the arbitration was done, it is impossible to say whether PG&E was paying for negligence or for damages sustained by the plaintiffs. (See Kathleen Sharpe's )2000 story in Salon for more detail on that.
A settlement for actual damages would obviously be higher than one for potential damages, and the unprecedented size of this settlement certainly suggests it was meant to be compensation for a loss. That makes health outcomes a factor here, even if PG&E is a loathsome utility just on general principles.
I thought they were funkalicious!
Quite a few ways to read this...
1. Apparently, drinking things may be fundamentally different than breathing them.
2. The results of studying X may be inconclusive, given a sample of ~2000 persons.
3. As I consider it to be perfectly fine to sue for suffering perceived danger, I would hold that Brockovich is at least as liable for the actual damages present in this case as is PG&E.
4. Don't be lazy about procedure when dealing with something of real or perceived threat to public health. In either case, you're going to end up paying millions in damages.
And so on...
And if the study is inconclusive, the plaintiffs have failed to prove that the company increased their risks of cancer.
In tort its a preponderance of evidence, not beyond reasonable doubt.
And this means they have no evidence.
Erin has become a pariah for endorsing conservative Republicans. She endorsed Tony Strickland (R) for State Senate in 2008 in a swing district.
I guess one thing we can determine from both this and her legal career is that she REALLY likes making money.
The sequel to Dow Corning's "Where Do I Go To Get My Fallaciously Bankrupted Firm Back?"
Whatever, contaminate my property, pay for the cleanup. That's all.
I guess the question becomes what constitutes a "contamination of my property." If I fart my next door neighbor can't sue me for leaking methane gas onto his property (maybe he can, I'm not a lawyer). In this case, I guess one of the issues is that reducing the elevated levels in the water of the substance in question is a near impossible engineering task. So the question then becomes what are the consequences of these elevated levels and what should be done to mitigate them?
Damages should be proportional to damages. Duh.
And, in this case, the damages are? Yeah, looks like ~zero.
It is good one. I like this blog because very interesting and informative.
+1
LOL
-1
I find Julia Roberts to be at least as good an actress as Sandra Dee.
Just kidding.
letsmakeobamaresign.blogspot.com
Seems that the correct mis-interpretation of the original story should have read "PG&E reduces resident's cancer incidence: rate hike approved by grateful populace".
Erin Brakovich. She pushed small tits to her neck and America to its toilets.
I exposed Erin waaaaaayyyyyyy back in the Year 2000:
http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/29/erinbrockovich.php
Pretty good, Alan, but if the accompanying photo is any indication, there's no way in hell those are "C" cups.
So we're all agreed that the release of hexavalent chromium was perfectly ok, then right?
Sorry about that. My diet is heavy in Mexican food.
No more than we all agree that it's perfectly okay to sue for make believe injuries caused by the spill.
A reckless driver should not be charged with mass vehicular manslaughter on behalf of everyone in the zip code who could possibly have been hurt by him. Agreed?
Again, while the plaintifs may have been wrong about the source of their cancers, they weren't making them up.
It's fine that they sued. It's not fine that they won without any proof. I'm not OK with people recklessly releasing chromium AND I'm not OK with courts recklessly punishing someone for a thousand instances of cancer that he did not cause. You were suggesting that anyone who has a problem with the second definitely has no problem with the first. That isn't true.
The problem in a lot of these cases (think Agent Orange and any of dozens of other cases) is that people will have headaches, and dizziness, and panic attacks and they have nothing to do with the chemical or they are a psychological reaction to stress, which may have been induced as much by the media and the Erin Brokovich's of the world. Stress could be a legitimate claim but should not typically get millions of dollars. And you have many who join the class action suit due to vague symptoms, not actual cancers, or they just want to get some free money. Anyone with an actual cancer has every right to sue but everyone always wants to blame cancer on something when it is a naturally occurring (random) event and can be caused by cosmic radiation or radiation in a potassium isotope in your wife's blood, etc.
"...Anyone with an actual cancer has every right to sue..."
Sue who? Do you think all cancers are the result of someone's negligence? And from what I've read, the stuff leaked doesn't cause cancer when ingested.
"Anyone with an actual cancer has every right to sue..."
No kiddin'? {yawn}
By 1963, Andrei Sakharov had calculated that every above-ground nuclear weapons test would result in fifty thousand cancers randomly distributed worldwide.
You go find 'em.
Some Guy|12.14.10 @ 1:53PM|#
"Again, while the plaintifs may have been wrong about the source of their cancers, they weren't making them up."
Uh, yeah. And purple, too.
WIH does that have to do with the article?
Okay, Some Guy, but reading your ridiculous comment gave me a cold. I have no way of actually proving that reading your comment is what did it to me, but my cold is no less real. So, when are you going to send me a check for my doctor bills?
Well it happened again in Barstow with a recent Perchlorate in the water supply scare. After it was all done with, we reported info from the American Council on Science and Health that the dangers had been overstated but of course they don't count because they're not a government agency and get money from "corporate interests." (I guess, unlike the government?)
THANK YOU for posting this! I love your blog!!
Steve
Common Cents
http://www.commoncts.blogspot.com
Never let the truth get in the way of a good lawsuit.
Didn't John Edwards get rich from bad science? Didn't hurt his career too much, that is until he added the whole 'cheating on the cancer stricken wife' whoopsie. I never understood why that wasn't a political issue.
Study came out last week claims fucking John Edwards leads to 50% mortality of fuckees within twenty years of said fucking. Who's gonna sue John Edwards? Are sharks cannibals? You bet they are!
Every cause the leftist socialist frauds champion turns out to be a total scam. I don't know why anybody would listen to these leftist freaks anymore. From the ozone hole, acid rain, silent spring to the recently collasped AGW/IPCC fraud, to name a few, all eventually turn out to be money making attempts to scam the public using phony political data to sway public opinion. We must continue on to Phase II in 2012 and boot these socialist democrat frauds out of office
I still think the worst thing about this whole Erin Brockovich snafu is that Julia Roberts has Ellen Burstyn's Oscar.
This is the saddest truth out of all of this.
I still think the worst thing about this whole Erin Brockovich snafu is that Julia Roberts has Ellen Burstyn's an Oscar.
FTFY.
I have been to Hinkley many times and have 4 wheeled in the area for thirty years. The very first time I went there, having heard nothing about the pollution, I could tell there was something wrong with the natural vegetation. Almost everything there was dead compared to say, ten miles from there. Whatever it was/is was real, in my opinion.
Excellent use of science there Doc. You don't suppose all the 4-wheeling might have had something to do with the destruction of the vegetation? Nah.
I just wonder how much PG&E had to raise their power rates to pay for this litigation?
NO. The first time I drove out Hinkley Rd I saw dead roadside vegetation unlike the surrounding area. 4 wheeling had nothing to do with the observations because I was referring to vegetation such as dead, standing bushes, trees, and low scrub, untouched by traffic. In Lockhart, where the power plant actually was, the trees around the houses are dead or dying unlike surrounding areas. My science may not be much but it beats snark all day long.
"Just last year, an astronaut moved to my neighborhood... simultaneously, all the leaves started dying and falling off our oak trees."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zK-30442RII
"My science may not be much but it beats snark all day long."
So far we haven't seen any science.
My ex-husband was one of the judges on the arbitration panel that decided this matter. (Under arbitration, there is no need to publish findings). First thing the judges did was increase their own compensation 400%. They then decided the 1st phase with a multi million $ judgment against PG&E. I asked my husband what the actual damages were that could be proved in a court of law. His answer "One person - $50,000)
Another strange thing about the way this case was decided was that Thomas Giradrardi, then known as the 'godfather of LA trial lawyers) was the one who picked all five of the judges who decided the case - even though he represented the plaintiffs. This whole thing has stunk to high heaven for many years. So glad the truth is coming out.
Look, PG&E maybe a horrible company and maybe there should have been a settlement based on future damages but they lost 333 million dollars. That's a lot of money (even the federal government would consider it a lot.) They should have had to hold money in trust for contingent damages. And from this movie Brokovich became a hero because her cause was just. As we see now this, like most liberal causes, are based on emotion and not facts
So that means every other town in CA is a cancer cluster too. Booyeah!
My ex brother-in-law's family was one of the major financial receipients of that PG&E lawsuit. His mother received over $3 million, and each of her kids got around $1 million apiece. They all had various health issues (not cancer, though), but I don't think their family problems were caused by chromium in the ground water - more like poor lifestyle choices (and inbreeding, but that's another subject). BTW, they squandered a significant amount of that money on all matter of nonsense. A bigger bunch of trashy desert hillbillies you'll never see.
Nice to this mythb get its long ovedue busting.
Also, F*CK Julia Roberts
Money quote (pun intended) from the NPR article: "She [Erin Brokovich] says it might take legal action to get the utility to do right by these people."
And the movie was about what again...?
This can't be true. I'm sure I heard the Surgeon Generalissimo state recently that exposure to even *ONE* Chromium HexylMethylMerthiolate 6 causes cancer.
Same thing happened in Central PA after the TMI Nuclear accident. Birth defects went down (statistically insignificant amount). As my Dad pointed out, what would people have said if they went up the same amount?
Two points need to be made.
1) Cancer wasn't the only health problem linked to the leaked chemical. There were birth defects and organ failures.
2) At the time of the first contamination, the utility company told the town that chromium was nothing to worry about it because it's in vitamins. The company didn't mention that this particular type of chromium - hexavalent chromium - is completely unsuitable for human consumption.
"1) Cancer wasn't the only health problem linked to the leaked chemical. There were birth defects and organ failures."
Cite? Please show they are more common than elsewhere.
"2) At the time of the first contamination, the utility company told the town that chromium was nothing to worry about it because it's in vitamins. The company didn't mention that this particular type of chromium - hexavalent chromium - is completely unsuitable for human consumption."
So's arsenic, but it's in water also.
Way to recycle. Didn't we already know this?
I remember reading over ten years ago that the medical symptoms were not consistent with the form of Chromium released (CrII vs Cr III)
Like Hooker Chemical and Love Canal...Hooker was skewered as evil when they shouldn't have been.
A hooker that pollutes her love canal won't get much repeat business.
Any statistics from the year before?
The idea of a class action lawsuit intuitively makes sense to me. There are activities that cause small and disparate damages, and should be paid for at the margin to either prevent future activities or at least accurately account for their cost on the market.
"The idea of a class action lawsuit intuitively makes sense to me. There are activities that cause small and disparate damages, and should be paid for at the margin to either prevent future activities or at least accurately account for their cost on the market."
Got any evidence of harm? Let's see it.
Think you should look into this more deeply.
It's been said that chromium 6 poisoning can cause many other health problems other than just cancer.And from what I have seen from my family who lived in Hinkley during this time that it has seriously affected them. Everything from brain tumors to panic attacks have plagued all of the ones who lived in Hinkley during this time. Look into it more it is not just cancer.
Luke|12.15.10 @ 2:33PM|#
"Think you should look into this more deeply."
No, YOU should.
"It's been said that chromium 6 poisoning can cause many other health problems other than just cancer.And from what I have seen from my family who lived in Hinkley during this time that it has seriously affected them. Everything from brain tumors to panic attacks have plagued all of the ones who lived in Hinkley during this time. Look into it more it is not just cancer."
It's been said that people lie. Got evidence or just silly claims?
If you have the evidence, let's see it.
Are we sure that John Edwards wasn't the lead attorney in the lawsuit in '96? His sleaze factor is so high he can win any shady suit. That situation wasn't a cancer cluster, it was a big time cluster f%#@ by the attorneys.
Everybody had cancer, it was just zombie-tumors walking around. But contrary to popular sentiment, money does cure everything!
good posting..
thank's for your information ^_^
please visit me too :
check it out
But only express louis vuitton the trophy of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing louis vuitton handbags the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins or 1 kind louis vuitton bags from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express gucci bagsthe trophy of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our gucci handbagscreation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective gucci bag imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos discount gucci handbags origins or 1 kind from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the christian louboutin trophy of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter christian louboutin shoes of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins Jimmy Choo Shoesor 1 kind from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the trophy replica watches of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of Rolex Watches alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins or 1 kind from Omega Watchesinside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the Ugg trophy of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our Ugg Boots creation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for Ugg Sale PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins or Ugg Classic Tall Boots 1 kind from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the trophy hermes handbags of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our Louis Vuitton Handbags creation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each wholesale Handbags letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins or discount hermes handbags 1 kind from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the trophy christian louboutin of a certain standpoint then can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing the viewpoint of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations christian louboutin shoes for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design, cosmos origins or christian louboutin heels 1 kind from inside but outside of the motive draw perhaps say that"construct".
But only express the trophy of chanel handbags a certain standpoint then louis vuitton can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing louis vuitton handbags the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each discount chanel handbags letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design.
But only express the trophy of Chanel Handbags a certain standpoint then Louis Vuitton Handbags can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing prada handbags the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design.
But only express the trophy of christian louboutin a certain standpoint then christian louboutin shoes can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing christian louboutin pumps the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design.
But only express the trophy of ugg a certain standpoint then ugg boots can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing wholesale ugg boots the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design.
But only express the trophy of rolex watches a certain standpoint then repleca rolex watches can a life time always spreads.As a result our creation's drawing Omega watches the viewpoint ? of "PRADALPHABET" these is our all subjective imaginations for PRADA world.Each letter of alphabets in"PRADALPHABET" are conduct and actions a kind of building design.
Marie-Dominique Leli?vre, writer of Saint Laurent: mauvais gar?on (bad boy), has described his tendency to think about out his individual insecurities and self-loathing on those people under him professionally. "It's the durability inside the weak, the tyranny inside the fragile," she informed French television.ugg bailey button
The guide ? set up up of job interviews with dozens of individuals who knew the Algerian-born custom made ? has long been dismissed as gossip by Pierre Berg?, Laurent's long-term good friend and partner.ugg 5822
Took me awhile to read all the comments, but I really love the article.
Thanks for your opinion. discount handbags I totally like with it.I like cheap designer handbags as well and someone is looking for new era caps? People usually prefer cheap handbags online, especially when they visit some clothing store. In some areas,people like to wholesale clothing. They will find some store doing very cheap or discounted handbags outlet. Certainly, is a good way to earn money. designer handbags outlet
http://www.cl-pumps.com Christian Louboutin pumps
http://www.cl-pumps.com/200-christian-louboutin Christian Louboutin shoes
If anyone ever stuck by the idea to buy authentic gucci,come to us http://www.authenticguccibags.com.
We set our Gucci store at Hong Kong, selling Authentic Gucci online now by a discounted price. As we all know,to buy fake Gucci is not only vulgar but also illegal, visit our store as we will teach you how to spot the fake Gucci,moreover, we'd like to offer chances to buy authentic gucci,gucci tote,gucci boston,gucci messenger,gucci hobo,gucci by gucci,gucci sukey in an affordable price, to extend our business to a larger scale.
men's nike shox nz white/gold shoes running shoes are one of our special products. As we know, the weight of nike running shoes is light, so it can help you run faster. The heel of the shoes can protect you feets and make you feets comfortable. The mens nike shox nz shoes black/white/grey si shoes we supply are from factory directly, very fine workmanship, 100% top quality. And we promise all our
mens nike shox nz sl shoes are safe and free shipping!
The http://www.onlyshox.com/nike-a.....p-657.html Nike Air Max 2010 Men Green/Black Running Shoes: Maximum cushioning, improvedMaximum comfort and cushioning, premium ride and fit. The Nike Air Max 2010 Men Grey/Black/Red Running Shoe improves upon its popular predecessor with more breathability and a snugger fit through the heel. OUR Nike Air Max 2010 Men Grey/Black/Yellow products affordable quality assurance, waiting for what, fast order it.
The Nike Air Max 2010 Men Green/Black Running Shoes: Maximum cushioning, improvedMaximum comfort and cushioning, premium ride and fit. The Nike Air Max 2010 Men Grey/Black/Red Running Shoe improves upon its popular predecessor with more breathability and a snugger fit through the heel. OUR Nike Air Max 2010 Men Grey/Black/Yellow products affordable quality assurance, waiting for what, fast order it.
I was very pleased to find this site.I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every
little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post.