As Reason readers know, public pensions are "The Next Catastrophe" facing the economy and governments at all levels. What might be less understood is the curious fact that regulatory oversight of municipal and state pensions, despite them being exponentially more vulnerable to political machinations on management, contributions, and investments, is much less strict than regulatory oversight of corporate pension funds. Buried in a New York Timesarticle today:
In the corporate world, the Financial Accounting Standards Board writes the rules for pension disclosures. It also seeks to avoid bias, and also works at a slow, deliberative pace.
But FASB has a great deal more power and independence than its governmental cousin. Its rules are enforced by the S.E.C., and it was given an independent funding source in the post-Enron accounting reforms. […]
The governmental board, by contrast, must still raise its own money. And because no government agency enforces its policies, it must issue rules that states and municipalities will adopt voluntarily. Six of its seven members work on a part-time basis.
Toothless oversight of voluntary regulations over politicized pools of billions of dollars? What on earth could go wrong?
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It think it interesting that critics of private solutions, in this case pensions, project all the actual weaknesses of government solutions onto private systems. The lack of accountability that so many believe they see in the private sector is much, much worse in the public sector. This is inevitable in a system in which the people who design and manage the system also make the laws that govern the system and carry out all oversight functions.
I think that naive people develop an intuition that government never fails because compared to private agents government has vast power to raise money to cover its mistakes. People never witness the major failures of the state in their personal lives because government can always extort more money to cover its loses.
However, as we have seen this year, the power of government to raise money on demand is not infinite. If we continue on our present course we may well see a time in the next decade when the federal government finally writes checks the national economy cannot cover.
Pensions should not be the responsibility of an employer.
I'm not for OUTLAWING employer-sponsored health/auto/life/disability insurance.
But, I'm definitely in favor of OUTLAWING employer-sponsored PENSION Plans. That includes LOCAL GOVERNMENT PENSION plans for cops/firemen/etc.
Pensions are Pyramid Schemes. They depend on the contribution from workers/tax payers today to pay the pension benefits today. There is suppose to be a trust fund...that is:
TRUST_FUND(T) = REVENUE(R) - COST_OF_BENEFIT(C)
where R > C.
In subsequent years the formula looks as follows:
T = [R + INTEREST_ON TRUST_FUND (I)] - C.
The problem with pensions, social security, health insurance, etc.etc. is the the TRUST FUNDS are always squandered. That is why Pyramid Schemes have bad names...and are usually referred to a Ponzi Schemes). They actually are NOT the same. A Ponzi scheme is a Pyramid Scheme where the TRUST FUND is squandered.
Without the TRUST FUND, you don't have INTEREST (I). And, on years where R < C, you don't have the funding to make good on C (Cost of Benefit).
Pensions are too important to people. And when GM started squandering their TRUST FUNDS, they had to declare BANKRUPTCY in order NOT to make good on PENSIONs.
The Government NOW complains that they don't wanna make good on SOCIAL SECURITY and MEDICARE after they SQUANDERED the Respective TRUST FUNDS.
So...in short, I don't know what's best. Other than MANDATING that the TRUST FUNDS can NOT BE TOUCHED...other than to make good on benefits on years where COST is greater than Revenue.
Alice - I have an employer-sponsored, defined benefit pension.
My employer puts a defined % of my salary into the pension every quarter, plus interest on the principle.
So my plan is Wx%+I= B
Where W is wages, I is interest on existing principle, & B is my benefit.
In this plan, the company knows EXACTLY what it owes, what it will owe next year, and what it will owe 10 years from now, regardless of whether I live to 40, 60, or 120.
But its nice to know you would outlaw a perfeclty good and feasible plan.
Thankfully, you aren't holding office. Sadly, many just like you are.
Where W is wages, I is interest on existing principle, & B is my benefit.
That would be unique, in my experience. I've never seen a defined benefit plan that wasn't funded based on actuarial life expectancy and projected earnings on the trust corpus. Its those projected earnings that kill these plans; when the plan loses 20, 30, 70% of its value in bad investments, the plan is insolvent.
I'm not sure how/if the plans assume continued contributions into the future in calculating how much has to be on deposit. But I've never heard of a plan that was required to have cash on hand to satisfy all pension liabilities, and was prohibited from investing its cash.
I am a consulting actuary; private pension funding and accounting are my job. Alice, you are completely mistaken when it comes to the funding of private pension plans, at least since 1974 or so, and triply so since last year. Private pension plans are funded with a trust, and are not akin to Social Security or other pay-as-you-go schemes. (But Keep DOPE Alive anyway!)
Under current funding law (the Pension Protection Act of 2006), pension plan sponsors must determine their liabilities at the beginning of each year, as well as the amount of expected increases in that liability during the year. Then they must make a contribution equal to 1) that annual increase in the liability plus 2) a 7-year amortization payment of the shortfall between their assets and their liabilities. So essentially, all private pension plans must be on track to continuously be fully funded in no more than 7 years.
(In case there are other actuaries reading, yes that's a simplification, but I'm not about to teach the EA exams in a blog comment, and that sums up the heart of PPA.)
Big B (and RCD) - it sounds like you have a cash balance plan. If so the formula you describe is the way your benefit is calculated, but the trust fund is a general fund for all employees. The determination of how much your employer actually contributes to that fund is determined based on the formula in my last post. It is based on an actuarial valuation of the plan's liabilities as a whole, and is invested in stocks, bonds, etc.
I have to agree w/RC Dean, you plan sounds like a sweet deal...if projections hold true.
Let me restate my position.
I would NOT outlaw Employer Sponsored Pentions...If, AND ONLY IF, mandates are passed that require COMPANIES, GOVERNMENTS, etc. to keep the TRUST FUND sacred. That is, that they are NOT allowed to touch it...and are not allowed to invest it in anything outside of Government guaranteed funds (FDIC, TBILLS, etc.).
What on earth could go wrong?
Nothing. We have learned from the recent fiascoes big time, I assure you.
It think it interesting that critics of private solutions, in this case pensions, project all the actual weaknesses of government solutions onto private systems. The lack of accountability that so many believe they see in the private sector is much, much worse in the public sector. This is inevitable in a system in which the people who design and manage the system also make the laws that govern the system and carry out all oversight functions.
I think that naive people develop an intuition that government never fails because compared to private agents government has vast power to raise money to cover its mistakes. People never witness the major failures of the state in their personal lives because government can always extort more money to cover its loses.
However, as we have seen this year, the power of government to raise money on demand is not infinite. If we continue on our present course we may well see a time in the next decade when the federal government finally writes checks the national economy cannot cover.
Years ago, a colleague of mine was on the FASB Advisory Board. Haven't thought of him in ages. I think I'll Google him to see what he's up to now.
Wow! Accoeding to Forbes, the guy makes over $250K/year just for sitting on two boards. Not a bad deal for a guy who has essentially retired.
Pensions should not be the responsibility of an employer.
I'm not for OUTLAWING employer-sponsored health/auto/life/disability insurance.
But, I'm definitely in favor of OUTLAWING employer-sponsored PENSION Plans. That includes LOCAL GOVERNMENT PENSION plans for cops/firemen/etc.
Pensions are Pyramid Schemes. They depend on the contribution from workers/tax payers today to pay the pension benefits today. There is suppose to be a trust fund...that is:
TRUST_FUND(T) = REVENUE(R) - COST_OF_BENEFIT(C)
where R > C.
In subsequent years the formula looks as follows:
T = [R + INTEREST_ON TRUST_FUND (I)] - C.
The problem with pensions, social security, health insurance, etc.etc. is the the TRUST FUNDS are always squandered. That is why Pyramid Schemes have bad names...and are usually referred to a Ponzi Schemes). They actually are NOT the same. A Ponzi scheme is a Pyramid Scheme where the TRUST FUND is squandered.
Without the TRUST FUND, you don't have INTEREST (I). And, on years where R < C, you don't have the funding to make good on C (Cost of Benefit).
Pensions are too important to people. And when GM started squandering their TRUST FUNDS, they had to declare BANKRUPTCY in order NOT to make good on PENSIONs.
The Government NOW complains that they don't wanna make good on SOCIAL SECURITY and MEDICARE after they SQUANDERED the Respective TRUST FUNDS.
So...in short, I don't know what's best. Other than MANDATING that the TRUST FUNDS can NOT BE TOUCHED...other than to make good on benefits on years where COST is greater than Revenue.
Alice - I have an employer-sponsored, defined benefit pension.
My employer puts a defined % of my salary into the pension every quarter, plus interest on the principle.
So my plan is Wx%+I= B
Where W is wages, I is interest on existing principle, & B is my benefit.
In this plan, the company knows EXACTLY what it owes, what it will owe next year, and what it will owe 10 years from now, regardless of whether I live to 40, 60, or 120.
But its nice to know you would outlaw a perfeclty good and feasible plan.
Thankfully, you aren't holding office. Sadly, many just like you are.
So my plan is Wx%+I= B
Where W is wages, I is interest on existing principle, & B is my benefit.
That would be unique, in my experience. I've never seen a defined benefit plan that wasn't funded based on actuarial life expectancy and projected earnings on the trust corpus. Its those projected earnings that kill these plans; when the plan loses 20, 30, 70% of its value in bad investments, the plan is insolvent.
I'm not sure how/if the plans assume continued contributions into the future in calculating how much has to be on deposit. But I've never heard of a plan that was required to have cash on hand to satisfy all pension liabilities, and was prohibited from investing its cash.
I am a consulting actuary; private pension funding and accounting are my job. Alice, you are completely mistaken when it comes to the funding of private pension plans, at least since 1974 or so, and triply so since last year. Private pension plans are funded with a trust, and are not akin to Social Security or other pay-as-you-go schemes. (But Keep DOPE Alive anyway!)
Under current funding law (the Pension Protection Act of 2006), pension plan sponsors must determine their liabilities at the beginning of each year, as well as the amount of expected increases in that liability during the year. Then they must make a contribution equal to 1) that annual increase in the liability plus 2) a 7-year amortization payment of the shortfall between their assets and their liabilities. So essentially, all private pension plans must be on track to continuously be fully funded in no more than 7 years.
(In case there are other actuaries reading, yes that's a simplification, but I'm not about to teach the EA exams in a blog comment, and that sums up the heart of PPA.)
Big B (and RCD) - it sounds like you have a cash balance plan. If so the formula you describe is the way your benefit is calculated, but the trust fund is a general fund for all employees. The determination of how much your employer actually contributes to that fund is determined based on the formula in my last post. It is based on an actuarial valuation of the plan's liabilities as a whole, and is invested in stocks, bonds, etc.
Look Big B.
I have to agree w/RC Dean, you plan sounds like a sweet deal...if projections hold true.
Let me restate my position.
I would NOT outlaw Employer Sponsored Pentions...If, AND ONLY IF, mandates are passed that require COMPANIES, GOVERNMENTS, etc. to keep the TRUST FUND sacred. That is, that they are NOT allowed to touch it...and are not allowed to invest it in anything outside of Government guaranteed funds (FDIC, TBILLS, etc.).
Alice Bowie,
Your use of capitalized words makes me feel like I am reading a pamphlet from the 1700's.
It's hard to read and annoys people because all caps is interpreted as shouting on the internet.
i am shouting
u should c how loud/annoying i am in person.