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Writings on Juneteenth, its Meaning, and its Significance for American Liberty
Compendium of links to my writings about the holiday celebrating the abolition of slavery.

Today, is Juneteenth, the federal holiday commemorating the abolition of slavery - the greatest triumph of freedom in American history. In this post, I compile some links to my writings relevant to the holiday and its significance. All are posts published here on the Volokh Conspiracy blog.
"Juneteenth and the Universalist Principles of the American Revolution," June 19, 2021. This post explains how abolition was a fulfillment rather than a repudiation of the principles of the American Revolution, despite attempts of some on both right and left to claim otherwise.
"Reflections on Juneteenth," June 19, 2024. This post extends and elaborates on the points made in the 2021 post, and condemns the lame culture war over the holiday.
"Slavery, the Declaration of Independence and Frederick Douglass' 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?'", July 4, 2020. Douglass's famous speech sheds light on some of America's greatest evils - but also on the great good done by the Revolution and Founding. This post - and Douglass's speech - are not about Juneteenth, as such. But they are obviously relevant. Douglass rightly argued that the principles of the Revolution required the abolition of slavery - while also condemning the hypocrisy of the many white Americans who claimed otherwise.
"The Case Against the Case Against the American Revolution," July 4, 2019. A rebuttal to longstanding arguments - advanced by critics on both right and left - that the Revolution did more harm than good. The claim that the Revolution somehow set back abolition is a central argument of many of those critics. I explain why that argument is wrong.
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Ah, Juneteenth, when people living in Delaware and Kentucky, where slavery remained legal until the 13th amendment was ratified, are supposed to celebrate an event that only was relevant to Texas.
The lawyer land owner Founders threw a hysterical fit when taxes went from 1% of GDP to 2%. These taxes were to fund expensive military campaigns against the Indians to protect their lands. All that Athens and French Enlightment stuff was masking ideology for their greed.
Ah, July 4th, when people living in Texas, which was part of Mexico until 1836, are supposed to celebrate an event that was only relevant on the Eastern seaboard.
Bernard ate Brett’s lunch.
Ewww.
I concur with my longtime Usenet ally, William A. Levinson, who wrote that December 6th should have been the holiday to celebrate the end of slavery, as it was the date when the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified.
OK. Not at all unreasonable. Was that date ever seriously proposed?
It's MAGA whac-a-mole. If the holiday was December 6, they'd be complaining it ought to be the date their (second? third?) divorce was finalized.
Ah Juneteenth, when the huckleberries emerge from their 12 month hibernation to once again complain about the historical accuracy of a particular date chosen to commemorate emancipation!
“celebrate an event that only was relevant to [certain people]”
Dude. Wait until I tell you about this thing called Christmas.
Do you ever tire of the humiliation, Brett?
Missing a link to the Juneteenth traditional foods.
Hopefully everybody has plenty of time to cook today! And don't forget the strawberry punch!
Why hasn't Trump canceled this Joe Autopen Biden thing yet?
It's a federal holiday established by federal law.
Surely some commemoration of emancipation is appropriate on a nation-wide level… right?
Sure, it should just be on the day when they were actually emancipated.
This is really ridiculous, you know Jesus was almost certainly not born on December 25th, right?
Well, it is somewhat easier to determine the actual date the 13th amendment was ratified...
The point remains this wouldn’t be the first holiday not celebrated on the “real” date.
If we concede Christmas, name another (change to three day weekends doesn't count).
Why is another needed and why wouldn’t three day weekends count?
Was there a big push that I missed to name Dec. 6 Emancipation Day?
"its Meaning"
Its a synonym for "pandering".
Some activists wanted to downgrade our real independence day with this mere local holiday and our Floyd driven hysteria obliged them.
The appropriate days to celebrate the end of slavery would be the 13A ratification date of the date of Lincoln's emancipation proclamation. Too cold I guess.
“downgrade”
This whole latent assumption that federal holidays are somehow a zero-sum game is puzzling to me. Don’t like Juneteenth? Just get a job where you don’t have it off! Yeesh.
“Too cold”
You’re sooooo close to getting it.
Don’t like Columbus Day, rename it!
“Some activists wanted to downgrade our real Independence Day”
*Our* and *real* indeed!
Brett, ML, and Bob.
All mad. All as expected.
All of them also like to shit on Lincoln. And defend Confederate statutes and base/ship renamings.
None of them are doing a great job of hiding their real beef.
"All of them also like to shit on Lincoln."
Liar.
I’m happy to be corrected.
You think Lincoln was up there as Presidents go?
#2
Meaning the second best president?
No, I think he was supplying the feces on Lincoln.
I always associated Trump with #2.
David Nieporent : "I always associated Trump with #2."
1. Ouch!
2. All my life, it's been a solid certainty that James Buchanan was the worst president in U.S. history. It wasn't as much what he did as his seeming indifference as things fell to pieces. You could argue who merits the next slot up, but Buchanan had rock-bottom locked.
But at this point Trump looks like a real challenger.
I thought he was associated with #1.
The reek is too strong for that.....
I'm not mad, I'm bemused. This business of obsessing about a day when the last slave wasn't freed is just too stupid for me to take seriously.
As for Lincoln, I'm glad the Confederacy lost, but I'm not going to pretend he was some kind of saint who started a bloody war to end slavery, when he came right out an stated otherwise. It was just about proving that the US was a roach motel, and abolishing slavery nothing more than a tactic adopted when that proved not to be something people were excited to die over.
You are posting a lot for someone merely bemused.
You call Lincoln a tyrant and don’t like the Union.
Not a saint indeed.
"You are posting a lot for someone merely bemused."
one comment and one response to you calling him a racist is not "a lot"
Plus two comments in the Frederick Douglass thread, and a new one here.
"You are posting a lot for someone merely bemused."
Fucking hilarious. Brett's personal troll who responds to every comment Brett makes with douche comments) talks about posting a lot.
Nice anklebiting.
Thank you Il Douche. You always come through.
Brett really cares when holidays aren’t historically accurate. No, he doesn’t only focus on African American holidays. That’s a coincidence.
So all the other holidays don't apply to African-Americans?
Non-ironically, I don't think that word means what you think it means.
Lincoln: "I will say then, that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters of the negroes, or jurors, or qualifying them to hold office, of having them to marry with white people. I will say in addition, that there is a physical difference between the white and black races, which I suppose, will forever forbid the two races living together upon terms of social and political equality, and inasmuch, as they cannot so live, that while they do remain together, there must be the position of superior and inferior, that I as much as any other man am in favor of the superior position being assigned to the white man."
That was Lincoln in 1858. Later he publicly endorsed black suffrage and died for it. He evolved in the correct direction.
Yes, when he found that the Southern states could not be lured back with promises to protect slavery, and that Northerners were not eager to die dragging them back in, as a last resort he seized on abolition as a cause people would support.
But it was his last resort, not first. The South left over slavery, (And could a more despicable excuse for secession be imagined?) but the North?
We went to war to prove that the US was a roach motel, nothing more admirable.
Lincoln hater has telepathy.
Read more Douglass. Unlike you, he knew the guy.
Or possibly it was the reverse?
Maybe he thought that an abolitionist policy would not sell, so he initially made a different argument, and then started pushing his true beliefs when that became possible.
Amidst the pleasure of the meaning of Juneteenth. let us not forget that de facto slavery existed in the US up until WWII, and in some pockets of the South - Louisiana specifically - well into the 50s.
Further, 13A did not abolish slavery altogether - it may still be imposed as the punishment for a crime, which is one reason why forced labour is still permissible in many states.
Today is also the anniversary of my naturalisation. I do not regret it, notwithstanding the current regime. It's hard to find a good bagel in London.
"I do not regret it"
A sad day for us though.
""I do not regret it""
Given the current state of the UK, that's understandable.
Fake news. I'm 70 years old. For decades of my adult life, I never heard Black people talk about Junteenth. The vast majority of African Americans only learned about Juneteenth when White teachers introduced it to them in school.
There is no Potato Famine Day.
There is no Holocaust Day.
Today's African Americans have to more connection to the end of slavery than to immigrants just off the plane from India. It's just virtue signalling all the way down.
I guess Passover is just a big joke, then.
Is the federal holiday for Passover just the first day or all 8 days?
Passover is not a federal holiday. Neither is Easter.
You miss my point, unsurprisingly, which has zip to do with federal holidays.
If African-Americans have no connection to the end of slavery then what connection do we have to the Exodus? Why should we go to all that trouble to celebrate a non-existent connection?
Because we feel a connection, a strong one, in fact, just as African-Americans feel a strong connection to emancipation, a much more recent event.
Zero sum plus white guy never r heard ignorant be too big a deal.
This is a very pure post.
"Zero sum plus white guy never r heard ignorant be too big a deal."
Are you having a stroke?
"I never heard Black people talk about Junteenth."
I heard about it once, maybe 35 years ago, when some black people told me that June 19th was the "Black Fourth of July" because that's when slavery ended. I didn't get a good answer about why they put the end of slavery at June 19th. But that does seem to be the traditional date to celebrate the end of slavery.
Based on his posting history, I doubt Mr. Frum has spent more than 70 minutes of his adult life talking to black people.
Did either of those things happen in the United States? Anyway, the latter claim isn't even true! There's an International Holocaust Remembrance Day. There's the Holocaust Days of Remembrance in the U.S. And there's Yom HaShoah for Jews.
What connection do today's Americans have to the Declaration of Independence?
When was the first time you heard of Juneteenth?
Please, as an officer of the court, be honest.
Not an officer of the court, but I heard about in the mid 1990s.
Honest question. Curious, in what context?
Probably AP US history in the mid-1980s.
Weak. Obviously you don't recall.
David beat me to it
Lots of folks wearing junteenth shirts at work today.
Not certain what a propper acknowledgement might be.
Though I'm fairly certain that 'thank you for your service' is not the most PC option.
As usual, Somin tells us how he hates America, and cites arguments that America is evil.
Your America, yes - the America of Jim Crow, lynching, the KKK, etc. But actual USA, no. He can think of ways in which it could be improved. You are not part of that improvement.
Improved? Somin mainly wants to replace the American people with foreigners.
Local toothless, barefoot meth addict claims foreign people are ruining his beautiful country.
Just have the damn picnic, y'all. Jeez.
Malika the Maiz : "He evolved in the correct direction."
Does that mean there's still hope for Roger S?
January 17th needs to be declared a Federal Holiday !!!
This in Honor of the 1908 Opinion by J. W.A. Cant at the U.S. District Court sitting in Duluth, who in reversing the lower court confessed that:
“Finland has often been over-run by the teutons, and by other branches of the human family who, with their descendants, have remained within her borders and are now called Finns. They are in the main indistinguishable in their physical characteristics from those of purer Finnish blood. Intermarriages have been frequent over a very long period of time. If the Finns were originally Mongels, modifying influences have continued until they are now among the whitest people in Europe.”
Finns, in the first half of the 17th century (before Finland existed, when known as “forest people”) were brought to what became Delaware and Virginia to clear cut forests (because that’s what they did for the Swedes in the Kingdom of Sweden); they also then introduced “log cabins” to the “New World”, “cooperatives” and other survival “knowhow”, now “culturally appropriated”.
But, they were not finally recognized as being of the “human family” until January 17th, 1908.
Tell me again: What makes June 19th, 1865 so special ? … The number of potential voters who might switch political party ?
Heck, there are I expect other Federal Holidays yet to be declared, including:
November 10th. In Honor of the 1983 overturning of Korematsu’s December 18, 1944 conviction, by federal judge Marylyn Hall Patel; sadly SCOTUS’ “precedent” yet stands (the Infallible never “confess error”). ... [No, Trump v. Hawaii (2018) did not overrule Korematsu; if it did then NY Gov. Hochul’s 2021 “Quarantine Isolation Law” would never have been sustained as the US DOJ would have challenged knowing the Article. III. courts would have struck down such unconstitutional overreach by a “unitary executive”.]
It’s grimly amusing to see the same people as last year on here moaning about Juneteenth yet again.
The commitment to unending partisan political warfare is so overwhelming and all-encompassing that these people will actually complain about a federal holiday because it is something that is coded as liberal in their minds. Whether it’s faux concerns about historical accuracy (strangely never applied to other holidays with an even more… spiritual… providence) or assertions that this is actually secretly a form of the greatest possible sin imaginable— REPARATIONS— these people literally cannot help themselves. People I imagine to be libs like it— it must be opposed.
Same too with the whining that only “federal employees” get the day off… it is obviously not true that the entire federal workforce gets today off, nor is it accurate to say that some private sector workers do not also get today off. And I imagine at least some of the people working today get paid above their usual wage. Rather, they are imagining that their POLITICAL ENEMIES get a day off and that is intolerable. All sorts of people have to work on weekends, holidays, their own birthdays. Some people work every single day! So what?!
I think it is manifestly appropriate to commemorate the emancipation of our fellow citizens. The fact that our union was made more perfect when we decided to stop treating certain of our fellow citizens and humans as chattel is worthy of celebration— on one day in particular, sure, but every day! We had to put a lot of people into the ground to achieve this outcome, perhaps something for the reader to reflect upon.
As I said on the other thread— Juneteenth should stay but we should also take it as an opportunity to recognize conservative misanthropy in all its frustrated glory.
No, Juneteenth is just another way to promote the culture war. It goes with celebrations of George Floyd and Trayvon Martin.
Just burn a cross and get it over with. It would save so many electrons.
Whoopi Goldberg just said that Black people in America have it just as bad as people in Iran.
Give her a break. She gets paid millions of dollars to say that.
I'd say it for half what she gets.
Of course this commie dipshit is ass kissing this dumbass Kwanza 2.0 fake and gay holiday.
No, I believe you're thinking of Christmas.
"The claim that the Revolution somehow set back abolition is a central argument of many of those critics."
That is a difficult argument to make. The Constitution of course prohibited banning the slave trade before 1808.
But it seems there was a deal to ban it then, President Jefferson in 1806:
In December 1806, President Thomas Jefferson’s annual message to Congress anticipated the upcoming expiration of Article 1, Section 9, Clause 1. His message said, “I congratulate you, fellow-citizens, on the approach of the period at which you may interpose your authority constitutionally to withdraw the citizens of the United States from all further participation in those violations of human rights which have been so long continued on the unoffending inhabitants of Africa, and which the morality, the reputation, and the best interests of our country have long been eager to proscribe.” Does it seem odd that a slave owner was supporting this legislation?
In 1807 [March 2, 1807], the U.S. Congress passed a statute prohibiting the importation of slaves as of the first constitutionally-allowable moment of January 1, 1808. This act was signed by President Jefferson and entered into force in 1808, rendering this part of the Constitution irrelevant except as a historical curiosity. "
https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-i/clauses/761
When did Britain vote to ban the slave trade? 2 months later on May 1 1807. Britain did ban slavery in its possessions in 1833, but forgive me from thinking that the same issues that made slavery so contentious in a much larger the US (12 million by 1830) by that time (the Missouri compromise was 1820) would have made the issue just as hard to for Britain to resolve then too. Not to mention that the Florida (including parts of Alabama and Mississippi) and Louisiana purchase would never have happened between France and Spain and the UK leaving those territories outside any British Law.
Commemorating the abolition of the slave trade would make much more sense. Maybe we could change Juneteenth to March 2.
For some reason, Roger S doesn't want to commemorate abolition.
Maybe a little OT but I am wondering about the history of federal holidays. Truth be told I never knew anything about Juneteenth until just before it became a federal holiday. Washington's Birthday was not a federal holiday till Hays signed it into law in 1879 and it only covered federal employees in DC till 1885. In the 1960s the Uniform Monday Holiday Act went into effect and while there was some movement to change the name to Presidents Day the federal government still officially recognizes it as Washington's Birthday. In any case the number has almost tripled from the original four to the current eleven. I would not mind eliminating some.
What's to wonder? Federal workers have a union.
You gonna complain about the 5 day work week next? Work/life balance has been found to be popular amongst the working public, both public and private.
And employers have come around to that idea as well.
Work is important. I find mine very fulfilling. But we do not exist to serve GDP.
" But we do not exist to serve GDP."
No, in your case you exist to shit post on company time.
What is this five day work week you speak of? As a kid I had to do chores every day of the week. Making my bed, keeping the bathroom clean, washing dishes, and whatever else my parents came up with did not stop on weekends. Even working summers while in college and holidays driving a cab I did single shifts (18 hour shifts) every day I could to pay for tuition. Not sure if you have ever run a company (or LLC) but it is basically on call 24/7. I do understand that this is not for everyone. It is however how one gets ahead in life.