The Volokh Conspiracy
Mostly law professors | Sometimes contrarian | Often libertarian | Always independent
Law Students Suffer From Lake Wobegon Effect
95% of incoming 1Ls believe they would be top 50% of class.
In the fictional town of Lake Wobegon, "all the children are above average." It seems many of those wee Wobegonians have been admitted to law school. Two authors surveyed more than six-hundred incoming law students at the University of Illinois College of Law. Their findings suggest that 1Ls vastly over-estimate their ability to perform well:
The average student predicted that they would finish close to the top 25% of the class (74.9 percentile). Virtually all students (94.9%) predicted that they would finish at the 50th percentile or higher. More than three-quarters (78.2%) of students predicted they would finish in the top 30% of the class, half (53.1%) predicted they would finish in the top 20% of the class, and nearly one-quarter (22.4%) of students thought they would finish in the top 10% in the class. Just 6.2% of students thought they would finish in the top 5% of the class, but thirteen students (2.1%) predicted they would finish at the very top of the class.
Unsurprisingly, 95% of the students were not in the top 50% of the class. Students did not accurately predict their performance. But some students predicted worse than others. As it turns out, the students who ended up performing better underestimated their grades, while students who performed worse overestimated their grades:
Given the high estimates made by students across the board, and consistent with the prior literature, the gap between predictions and outcomes was the biggest for those students who performed the least well. Overconfidence is substantial, in particular, for those in the bottom 25% percent of the 1L class. In contrast, and also in line with earlier studies, students finishing in the top quartile slightly underestimated their eventual 1L ranking.
My sense is that most law students were at the top of their undergraduate classes, and generally did well. When they arrive at law school, they bring that same level of confidence. And in some cases, that overconfidence might lead students to under-prepare for class.
On a personal note, I did quite well in undergraduate, and never received a B. I expected I would do well as a law student. My first semester in law school, when I was an evening student working full-time, was not pleasant. I had no idea what I was doing (see my essay on my 1L year). After the first semester ended (as the numbers would suggest) I was in the 50th percentile. I quickly figured out what I was doing wrong, completely changed my student habits, and finished the 1L year in the top 25%. By the end of my second year I was in the top 10%, and I graduated very close to the top 5%. (For these reasons, I am skeptical of judges who hire law clerks who have only received one semester of grades; they systematically exclude prospects who needed more runway to take off).
Students can improve, but they must have realistic expectations about the process. This study should be presented to all 1Ls at orientation. Students need to recognize that their performance in undergraduate is a thing of the past, and says nothing about their future law school grades.
