The Volokh Conspiracy
Mostly law professors | Sometimes contrarian | Often libertarian | Always independent
"The Danger of Social Media": "It Allows People to Publish Their Internal Monologues"
"Can civilization survive now that we have been made witness to the interior lives of others?"
I much appreciated John Podhoretz's comments on this, and I thought I'd pass them along in their entirety (without the Twitter breaks). Social media has in one way fulfilled the promise of free speech, by making speech cheaper, easier, and more frictionless than ever before. But some friction can be good, and we might be missing it about now. From Podhoretz:
Here's the danger of social media. It allows people to publish their internal monologues.
Our internal monologues and fantasies are often incredibly ugly. People go to therapists because they feel so guilty about them, and one of the tasks of a therapist is to explain that thoughts are not actions. You can rage in your thoughts about your brother, or someone at work, even fantasize about them dying—but you have done nothing and are guilty of nothing, and you need to forgive yourself and learn how to calm yourself down.
This is, I imagine, what Catholic confession is for, though you are, I gather, obliged to do penance for your evil thoughts. But remember—they are still inside you. They are between you and you.
Since 2007, people have a means of externalizing that interior monologue and this means something. A researcher at MIT saying, rather than thinking, "I really want to see that video of Charlie Kirk dying again because it works better than my anti-depressant" has become a public act. [I'm not sure whether this is a reference to a specific post, or just a concrete hypothetical standing in for posts of this sort. -EV] I see it. I am affected by it. The public discourse is too.
My sense of how the world works and what people are really like undergoes a change. I become rageful, and believe people who think this way are evil. It's likely they are not. They just have a means of externalizing the parts of them that no one ever saw.
But another human tendency, the tendency to extrapolate from individual samples to the whole, kicks in then as well. I will assume that anyone and everyone like that MIT researcher is an enemy of everything good and is unsalvageable. In that way my world shrinks.
The part of him that dehumanizes Charlie Kirk and turns his assassination into a joke then threatens to dehumanize me in a way. And seriously, before social media, I would never even know he existed, or that he thought what he thought, and that was better for him and me.
"Use every man after his desert," Hamlet says, "and who should 'scape whipping?" Meaning: if the world knew what was going on inside us, we would all be punished viscerally for it. Until 2007, for the most part, the world would not, could not, know.
The question is, and I mean this literally: Can civilization survive now that we have been made witness to the interior lives of others?
Remember the Seinfeld episode where Jerry and George decide they are going to share their deepest, darkest secrets? George goes first. We don't hear his monologue. We only see Jerry's face when he's done. And he is frozen in horror. And George is his best friend.
Thanks to Ed Driscoll at InstaPundit for the pointer.
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Thats a really high quality insight.
One criticism: it doesn't explain the behavior of the non-insignificant amount of people who do not have an inner monologue.
A condition that's hard for me to even fathom..
This seems an exaggeration. Social media doesn't enable any exposure that the printing press didn't enable.
I think we're looking at something quite different, a problem I've observed before: Social media companies, in order to increase revenues by making customers happier with what they see, have resorted to algorithmic sorting, placing their customers in carefully crafted bubbles where they are exposed to matching opinions, rather than a representative sample of opinion.
The result is, be your opinions every so unusual, even offensive to the average person, you will "see" an online universe inhabited by people who share them. You will come to think your own opinions are common, even if most people would be aghast at them.
People who understand their opinions to be mainstream do not self-censor; Why would they?
Maybe on an intellectual level you'll still be aware that you hold outlier opinions, but on an emotional level, you think you're part of the herd, and will act like it.
So, you not only won't self-censor, when exposed to people who disagree with those opinions, you'll perceive THEM as the outliers, even if they're objectively in the mainstream. And you'll react to them as outliers, and worse: Outliers who don't know their place!
So you spout what you should keep private, and be outraged at what is commonplace.
It's the invisible sorting, really, not the social media, that is causing the problem.
I don’t see how you can say that the printing press enables the same level of exposure as the Internet. Vastly different.
There is definitely a tendency to assume the noisiest fringe opinions are felt by a much larger percentage of the population than is actually the case.
I said it enables publishing your internal monologues. People hardly ever did, and why?
I think we agree: Because the way social media functions today causes people to feel like the overwhelming majority of people actually agree with them, even if that's objectively nonsense, because they're put in contact only with people who DO agree with them.
Have to pick a nit, you did specify exposure without limiting it to internal monologues.
You're saying that folks end up in an echo chamber believing that their opinions are the only reasonable one. That's true for some, but I don't think it's quite so pervasive as you. I'm saying that fringe beliefs get undue exposure and so the Overton window is expanded to include things that would have seemed insane a short while ago, which in turn gives slightly-less-crazy ideas more credence.
How else do we get to a point where even inoculation against Polio is questioned?
Speech is just too different now than it was at the Founding, so what we need is common-sense speech control. Some proposals:
1. Strict licensing regimes for engaging in speech, with licenses being given to only those who show government officials that they have good cause to engage in the speech.
2. Limits on the number of times someone can engage in speech. I say no more than once a month, if that.
3. Limits on the number of words one can say at a time. I say 10 or less.
4. Scary sounding words are never allowed.
5. One cannot speak too rapidly.
6. Certain places are completely off limits for speech, especially those frequented by any members of the public.
7. Broad categories of people should not be allowed to speak at all. If we do allow members of such categories to speak, the burden is on them to establish they are an exception to the normal rule. However, they are not allowed a forum to effectively make their case.
8. Speech can be regulated or outright banned if the regulation serves an important governmental interest and the means used to achieve that interest are substantially related to it. That's, like, anything the government says it is, but it's important to hold out hope that the government's power can be limited.
There you go. All problems have solutions. Considering the magnitude of the problem, I'd like to see all speech just outright banned. But, unfortunately, the rubes in this country bitterly cling to their books, TVs, and electronic devices. It'll take time, but eventually we will progress into a mature speech-free society.
I think that's doing things the hard way. Just make listening illegal.
Personally, I am quite happy with how easy publishing has become. I want to know if the person I am considering hiring is crazy, and if they are crazy enough to publish their crazy so much the better.
Is thus a segue to recognizing tomorrow that the Charlie Kirk shooter was a highly on-line right winger?
Leave it to a leftist to make this killing political! Now is not the time for that sort of divisive politicking, now that inconvenient facts are in.
Professor Volokh, meet Gresham’s law.
You thought it didn’t apply to speech?
Learn self-control
Being part of the herd has not been my style. And, having herds or factions is and can be counterproductive. Life is a blessing ; living is a struggle for those who do it correctly.
Another recent insight on the problem was the article "Social media probably can’t be fixed" on arstechnica.com. In an experiment, they used a large collection of AI agents on a virtual social network. No humans involved, just machines.
The result? It degraded into extremism and hate. Several attempts to fix it all failed. The implication is that social media itself is evil, with or without real people.