John McWhorter: America Has Never Been Less Racist
The Columbia University linguist discusses the Jussie Smollett hoax, Donald Trump, and "antiracism" as a new secular religion.

When actor Jussie Smollet lied about being attacked by racist, MAGA-hat-wearing Trump supporters, Columbia University linguist John McWhorter actually interpreted it as a sign that "we have come further on race than we are often comfortable admitting."
"Only in an America in which matters of race are not as utterly irredeemable as we are often told," he wrote in The Atlantic, would someone "pretend to be tortured in this way…[because] playing a singer on television is not as glamorous as getting beaten up by white guys."
The unwillingness of both blacks and whites to acknowledge progress on racial equality is a long-running theme for McWhorter, who in 2000 published Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America, which argued that "in most cases, [racism] is not an obstacle to people being the best that they can be."
In an influential 2015 essay, McWhorter argued that "Antiracism" had become a new secular religion in America, complete with "clergy, creed, and also even a conception of Original Sin."
"One is born marked by original sin," he wrote. "To be white is to be born with the stain of unearned privilege." Black people, he continued, "will express their grievances and whites will agree" that they are racist. On the right, McWhorter observed, there is a growing sense of hostility on racial issues and, according to Gallup, the percentage of Americans who agree that black-white relations are good is at a 20-year low. And for the first time since the pollster has asked the question, a majority of blacks rate race relations as bad.
I sat down with the 53-year-old McWhorter—the author or editor of 20 books—to talk about his upbringing in a mixed-race part of Philadelphia, his academic focus on Creole language, and the unmistakable signs of racial progress that an increasing number of Americans seem unwilling to acknowledge.
Edited by Ian Keyser. Intro by Todd Krainin. Cameras by Jim Epstein and Kevin Alexander.
Photos by Jim Epstein.
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Republicans are in power, and the country has never been less racist? OBL needs to set this guy straight.
See below.
Keep up the good work.
*snort* Along the lines of "when did you stop beating your wife".
Nancy Pelosi said that civilization as we know it would end if that happened.
In fact I believe she has uttered that statement on at least two occasions, in reference to Democrats not winning upcoming elections.
Racism, toward that end, is necessary apparently.
If there weren't democrats there would be almost no racism.
Or stupidity.
>>>The unwillingness of both blacks and whites to acknowledge progress on racial equality is a long-running theme
Sesame Street and Dr. King did a fine job afaic.
Race is indeed in important in America.
Especially during the NASCAR season.
*celebratory donuts*
In general, America continues to improve. The backwaters are still steeped in backwardness and bigotry, though, and in increasing concentrations. The great sifting -- which fuels modern, successful, educated communities as well as can't-keep-up backwaters -- intensifies both ends of the American continuum.
Not one "clingers"? You're slipping.
I have to disagree. The "backwaters" as you call them seem much less racist in my opinion. Poor areas are mostly focused on whether the money is green and if its coming their direction. They are mostly uninterested in race. There is one significant exception, that is, against recent Hispanic immigrants. However, that is a strongly cultural and language issue, and not due to race per se.
On the other hand, official racism is rampant in universities to the point where Harvard is being sued by Asian students for discrimination. USC has been quietly instituting segregated housing policies. This "progressive" racism is actively worsening, often for no explicable reason.
Ditto. Rural areas are not as racist as urbanites like to imagine. The real racism is in the "enlightened" cities and most concentrated in the white-mans-burden progressives who live there.
The way these creepy cultists talk about white people never ceases to amaze me. They think we're some sort of demigods who control all aspects of reality. Like we have some sort of invisible halo that makes us uniquely special. Not even legit white supremacists go that far.
Indeed, those "diverse" urban areas that Arthur L. Hicklib desperately tries to associate himself with are all highly stratified by neighborhood.
Even in the multicultural paradise, people tend to stick to their own, and have far worse social capital than small towns, where high-trust relationships are critical to the community's survival.
That's the thing about multiculturalism. People kind of have to stick to their own, or it doesn't last and the cultures start to blend. Which, to reasonable people, is a good thing. Multiculturalism, in the sense of distinct cultures remaining distinct and somehow "pure" doesn't really work without some degree of segregation.
The cultures shouldn't remain pure. That's the real problem with multiculturalism: It wasn't to keep cultures distinct and "pure". That's also the problem with cultural Right, they want a "pure" culture from a mythical past.
Culture doesn't work that way. American culture has always been about synthesis and assimilating and joining in. It's cliche to say "melting pot", and implies that everything just sort of mixes and melts together. It does not. Instead something new and different emerges naturally from people freely interacting with each other in non-coercive ways.
I'm old school. I don't want a culture where race identity is first and foremost. I want a culture where racial identity isn't even an issue. Blacks and White and Asians and Arabs all living together in the same community that has churches and synagogues and mosques and service clubs and stuff. Many parts of the country used to have that. Even in the cities. Some places still have it. But the Left and the Right insist on molding the world in their political image. Fuck them.
I agree completely with everything you say there. That was intended to be no defense of multiculturalism, maybe I should have been clearer about that.
I do think "melting pot" is pretty good. If you know anything about cooking or metallurgy, then you know that some very new and distinct things can come out of a melting pot.
People want to stick to their own, but "their own" doesn't always have to racial identity or ethnic identity or sexual identity or any shit like that. "Their own" used to simply be "my town". Both the Left AND the Right are idiots for trying to make all of this be about race and identity.
Malcolm X Blvd in southeast Washington DC is located quite near the National Mall and dozens of federal agencies. Despite available real estate being far below DC market prices, shockingly white progressives have not moved in. I'm sure it's just an oversight.
One backward area is Chicago, Illlinois.
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You're the most bigoted person I've had the misfortune of talking to.
The Rev reminds me of the anti-gay right wingers that we find out are gay.
That's he uses the word bigot so much. He's a bigot trying to not look like one.
Two words for this entire thread: ad hominem.
You're accusing each other of racism, but not addressing the point of the article at all.
There was no useful point in the "Rev's" comment to actually address, so I thought I'd just point out how very hypocritical he is. He's calling bigots "backwards" not realizing he's the bigot. He's calling himself backwards. I thought I'd point that out.
Reading anything you write I picture you with a sport jacket with elbow pads, a pipe blowing bubbles at a computer in your mom's basement
Local Reverend Found Guilty
Eunice Today
By Joyce Billings
March 3, 1996
Rev. Arthur L. Kirkland told his parishioners they could benefit themselves while doing God's work if they invested in his 'Progressive Christian'-based company, which lent small amounts of money to entrepreneurs in developing countries.
Instead, a jury in Lafayette, LA agreed that Kirkland defrauded his friends and flock out of thousands of dollars.
Kirkland told investors they would make their money back with profit, all while fueling growth in developing countries. But that never happened.
Kirkland's crime was brought to light by a parishioner, whose name is being withheld because she is a minor.
Sentencing is to be announced.
Two words: ad hominem.
Two words: ad hominem.
When actor Jussie Smollet lied about being attacked by racist, MAGA-hat-wearing Trump supporters, Columbia University linguist John McWhorter actually interpreted it as a sign that "we have come further on race than we are often comfortable admitting."
The demand for racism exceeded the supply.
^ We have a winner!
Hollywood liberal lies about the level of racism in flyover country, news at 11
There's a typo in the title on the home page. It currently reads:
"America Have Never Been Less Racist: New at Reason"
I really like John McWhorter. He is an intelligent, well-spoken man. And he is right on this.
Yeah, me too. He used to do articles for CNN and they were often the only thing worth reading there.
Well, that's a knock against him
I haven't seen anything by him published there since CNN got serious about becoming a complete garbage site.
Their top news story right now is "How a Russian-owned media outlet landed the first video of Julian Assange's arrest."
Well, if that's not evidence of some kind of collusion somewhere, I just don't know what is.
Are you going to tell us he's clean too?
All the racists I know who are under the age of seventy-five are black and/or democrats.
They look at skin color first, and everything else is tied for second.
E.g., Reason's own resident racist (and science "believer") Tony.
To quote Thomas Sowell:
"Liberals use racism like ketchup; they put it on everything."
To quote C. Thomas Howell as The Soul Man:
"This is the Cosby decade. America loves black people."
I would have used 'Frank's Hot Sauce. I put that shit on everything!'
Especially since Hillary shamelessly claiming she carries hot sauce around.
I've said it many times: If you've got a paper cut and a splinter and a hangnail and a stubbed toe and a bear gnawing your leg off, you really only have one problem you're concerned with. Get rid of the bear and now you've got 4 problems. You've made things worse! Right?
It doesn't matter how far you go toward "solving" a problem, there's always more you can do but the less there is to do, the harder it becomes to get at that last little bit and the more you create unintended consequence problems. Anybody who's ever done housework understands the problem of deciding when good enough is good enough, and anybody who's paid any attention to the growth of the EPA knows there's apparently not a damn one of them who's ever done housework.
You also can't afford to solve any problems because then the private donations and government funding and would dry up.
The 2016 election saw the most qualified Presidential candidate ever run against a literal, open white supremacist. And although Clinton won by 3 million votes, the fact that tens of millions of Americans voted for Orange Hitler demonstrates how racist this country still is.
Even if not for Drumpf, evidence of racism is everywhere. African American high school students do worse than whites on the SAT? That proves our education system is racist. African American households have lower average net worth than whites? Proves our economy is racist. African Americans have shorter life expectancy than whites? Proves our health care system is racist.
I mean, it's not called "systemic" racism for nothing.
It's not called "systemic" parody for nothing.
I know this is a parody, but the use of IQ tests and SAT tests to prove something about systemic racism or the difference in intelligence between racial groups is a real garbage metric riddled with so many variables and interpretations (such as what is a black person? Or what percentage of ancestry defines a racial category?) that its continued use as some data point is really aggravating.
You can take any two randomly defined groups and find some metric where one is better than the other. This then "proves" discrimination.
Or IQ differences. It's pseudoscience
A merit based society then? That is what actual normal folks do anyways. We have one already. But because the racial distribution of success does not correlate to the population distribution, i.e. blacks are under represented it "must be racist".
But of course in the few areas that it is reversed , e.g. the NBA, it never comes up.
Successful business including professional sports are merit based.
We are not at zero actual racism but we are close. We seem to peaking with the use of race as an excuse for failure though
We seem to peaking with the use of race as an excuse for failure though
Peaking implies a downward trend is coming. It seems far more likely the increasing trend will continue.
Say basketball?
Where are the demands for higher percentages of white basketball players?
Dirk will be missed.
You're getting really good with this shtick. Time to take things to the next level and get on one of the late-night talk shows?
Seems like you could easily be a regular on, say, Colbert's show. His audience would eat that stuff up.
Ooooh, I bet you could also get a gig as a regular commentator on NPR! Those guys at the Brookings Institute can't be on *every* time the segment calls for an "impartial" 3rd party, can they?
They already have David Brooks for that
Nah, he's their pet "conservative". They only have him on when they need to "balance" their presented viewpoints.
I seem to be wearing out my double-quote key...
If David Brooks who "evolved" on the issue of reparations is a "conservative," then I must indeed be a "white nationalist."
You're an idiot. There is a real and genuine reason why the founders created the electoral college. It is so the most populous states do not get to determine the presidency and the least populous have their decision nullified and are therefore not represented.
They created the electoral collage to ensure states do not cede from the union and that America breaks apart. I'm sure this has probably been explained to you many times but you have your narrative and seem incapable of understanding anything which deviates from your programming.
You have been told the electoral collage is bad because Trump did not win the majority vote so therefore the electoral collage needs to be removed.
You are the epitome and very definition on an NPC
Yes, Hillary was best qualified at increasing government power and violating the rights of people. Trump's a piker when it comes to violating rights, although he talks a good game of it.
Those who lament the loudest about America being so racist usually haven't traveled much outside the country.
With the exception of maybe Canada and some parts of London, the whole rest of the world is SO blatantly racist. In the ugly way. Not just "oh black people talk loud in theaters" or cultural appropriation silliness. Actual ugly mean racism like "I hate those fuckers and want them to die" racism. Everywhere.
I've noticed progressives are pretty parochial in this regard, which is ironic.
The real racism in America comes from the progressive left. You can't have identity politics without trying to divide everyone. And racism is based on valuing people for who they are, not what they do. Which is how progressivism works.
Is this the root of the issue? That whites and others who worked for civil rights feel unappreciated?
Let's be real, then. The achievements of the 60s were monumental. I choose that word carefully. Those accomplishments are a monument to those who spent their lives and sometimes gave their lives to reach them.
Let us also be real that this country elected a President who preferred fighting a lawsuit with the DOJ over renting to black people and who was endorsed by David Duke.
So its Trump's fault? Renting to inner city blacks depresses the value of your property because on average inner city blacks are poorer and create less desirable neighborhoods which depress property values.
Th inner city hell holes are that way because of the residents , no one else. And they are overwhelmingly black. No one wants that to come to their neighborhood.
Farrakhan endorsed Obama and they even had some best buds moments. Does that make Obama a double racist since I don't recall Trump socializing with Duke?
Guilt by who endorses is idiotic. You can't control who endorses you.
"...and who was endorsed by David Duke."
Sarc or stupidity?
Both, nobody cares who David Duke endorses.
According to the media, if Duke endorses a democrat, it means nothing. If Duke endorses a republican, it means the republican is in the tank for the Klan.
Is this the root of the issue? That whites and others who worked for civil rights feel unappreciated?
No. The root issue is that people claim there hasn't been progress as part of their effort to justify demands they cannot support with reality. Instead of dealing with reality they invent a FantasyLand which would justify their demands if only FantasyLand were real.
"African American high school students do worse than whites on the SAT? That proves our education system is racist. African American households have lower average net worth than whites? Proves our economy is racist. "
OBL outdid him/herself.
Well blacks do worse on the SAT test because they are dumber on average. They are not inherently dumb but practicably dumb because they have not done the K-12 schoolwork to excel at the test. Math is not racist. You know it or you don't.
Blacks earn less money because they don;t develop the skills through education to get a high paying job. All doctors make a lot of money regardless of skin color. So first issue is related to the second,. Neither is racist.
So great post. It proves nothing except that you are an idiot.
Wrong, wrong, wrong. Science has definitively shown there are no innate intelligence differences whatsoever between racial or ethnic groups. Therefore institutional racism must be the cause.
For the hundredth time, I'm non-binary and use they / them pronouns: OBL outdid themself.
You outdid yourself *this time*.
Time is racist.
http://tinyurl.com/yypadz2c
What study are you discussing? Every time we have objective tests of intelligence like a SAT math test they do poorly. I said they are not innately/biologically dumber but they are effectively dumber because they are not as studious as white and especially Asians. If you are not a good student then you might not be too good at calculus even though you are physically capable of being good at it.
If you are blessed with running talent you still might not win the race if you don't train.
The only institutional racism tilts the playing field to benefit blacks. Its called Affirmative Action
And once again you are an idiot.
People who think SAT test results prove anything about an individual's intelligence (let alone an entire group of people) are the real idiots
They don't prove "everything" but you are at tard level if you think they prove nothing.
"Chimps score higher on the SAT than I did"
Correct. They are a test of knowledge. Now do IQ tests.
Well blacks do worse on the SAT test because they are dumber on average. They are not inherently dumb but practicably dumb because they have not done the K-12 schoolwork to excel at the test.
Well blacks do worse on the SAT test because they are dumber on average don't get the same level of schooling as whites. They are not inherently dumb less intelligent but practicably dumb less knowledgeable because they have not done the K-12 schoolwork spent twelve years being taught to excel at how to take the test.
Yea that's it. You got it. You learn algebra, geometry and calculus by being trained to take the test.
I mean it has nothing to do with the students at all.
OBL meet idiot #2.
You learn algebra, geometry and calculus by being trained to take the test.
You're a fool if you think kids are being taught anything more than how to take the test anymore.
"You're a fool if you think kids are being taught anything more than how to take the test anymore."
How to take the test = how to put the right answers on the test sheet = knowing how to get the right answers. Is this really that hard to understand?
No it isn't.
Memorizing is not understanding and process of elimination is not knowing the right answer.
And besides that, all of that shit that you think you're so high and mighty for knowing doesn't take anything more than rote memorization.
Most pile,e are incapable of memorizing all that stuff. Real learning is through understand how and why things work.
Indeed, no argument here.
WTF being educated is not just studying for the test. You are a fucking moron yet you keep typing dumb as crap stuff.
Go ahead do it again.
WTF being educated is not just studying for the test.
I'm just going to assume that you haven't actually been near a school for a long, long time. There are these things called standardized tests these days which all kids need to pass to move on to the next grade. Since schools are given quotas for passing kids, and the tests are the all important measurement, teachers focus on teaching kids how to pass the tests. "Being educated" today means knowing how to pass the standardized test put in front of you. Knowledge != intelligence so knowing a lot of facts doesn't necessarily mean a person is intelligent.
I know a boatload of teachers who do complain about the standardized tests. But good schools manage to educate and pass the test. And new graduates come out "green" as they always did needing experience but with the foundation to do the job. In my filed its more common than when I graduated to hire intern junior and senior students which helps a lot with being productive day one after graduation.
I guess if the job you are referring to starts with "do you want fries with that" then you are correct nothing but OJT matters.
Duh, seriously have you had a recent head injury. You are getting boring with your idiocy so I might just have to quit this.
Duh, seriously have you had a recent head injury. You are getting boring with your idiocy so I might just have to quit this.
So now you're just trolling. Suit yourself.
Knowledge != intelligence so knowing a lot of facts doesn't necessarily mean a person is intelligent.
Sure, but any given test, population, and/or test condition is/is not rigged to test knowledge vs. intelligence and the disparity persists. You might say that an 18 yr. old black kid is as good at taking a test as an 18 yr. old white kid because the white kid's spent more time in school learning how to take tests, but that doesn't explain why the difference persists across all levels of education. It's not like the 6 yr. old white kid is going to have a decade of test taking experience while the 6 yr. old black kid doesn't. Additionally, it doesn't explain the phenomenon whereby you can spend more money and get more black kids into schools for more of their lives and see the disparity persist or even exacerbate.
You're basically defending the idea that black people aren't broadly any less intelligently capable by saying they are less trainable, even when that lesser trainability is to their own detriment/greater individuality is of no reward or consequence. You're trying to pretend that horses, zebras, donkeys, and mules are all equally trainable and equally capable/interchangeable at all tasks and that the only reason a mules broadly don't outrun thoroughbred horses is because mules don't get as much time on the race track.
It would be nice if your blather was true.
But facts are facts.
You can take 100 white people and 100 black people controlling for employment, education levels, as many variables as you care to control for, give them all the same IQ test, and the black people will, on average, score about one standard deviation less than the white people.
People have been trying to eliminate that disparity for decades. Changing the tests. Controlling for variables. Teaching to the test.
And yet, it persists.
Why?
What are we seeing?
There was a series done with wealthy, privately educated black and white people. And it was there. There was one done with wealthy black people and poor to average white people. And it was there.
The test is showing us something.
What?
The fact that so many white progressives are willing to overlook Smollet's crime is profoundly sad. Progressives are NOT about progress, they are NOT about social justice, they are NOT for the little guy or the downtrodden or the oppressed. The ONLY thing progressives are for is pushing of the narrative.
Fuck them.
Stop insulting all of the Reason editors friends
When you cannot find a real hate crime, a fake one will have to do.
I disagree that America has never been less racist. To say so is to believe the narrow definition that some people have of racism in America only being about white against black people.
It's common for people to openly advocate for discrimination against whites, & sometimes asians and jews, without consequence.
It's just dressed up in pleasant sounding words like "diversity," "representation," & "inclusiveness." When people speak this way, they're not advocating color-blind treatment of individuals, but treating people as members of groups first, and trying to advance their preferred groups.
It all comes down to what the definition of "racism" is. It seems to be a moving target. I tend to have a "liberal" view of it. When you expect someone to believe or behave a certain way at least in part because of their race, that's racism. It doesn't matter what that expectation is. There mere fact that it's dependent on a persons' race makes it racist. By this definition, I'm confident to say pretty much everyone is racist to one degree or another.
The direction of society's bias ca be discerned from the lies that people tell about themselves.
Are black Americans lying and claiming to be white? Are white Americans lying and claiming to be black? How about Native American? Hispanic? Asian?
Only Lizzy Warren, as far as I know. And that Rachel Dolzy or something a few years ago.
Gaslighting!
Did the inbred, can't-keep-up hicks take up a collection to bribe McWhorter to say this, or did the Kochs just slip him a check?
/sarc
"On the right, McWhorter observed, there is a growing sense of hostility on racial issues and, according to Gallup, the percentage of Americans who agree that black-white relations are good is at a 20-year low. And for the first time since the pollster has asked the question, a majority of blacks rate race relations as bad."
Self fulfilling prophecy; it's working for them, because those who profit* from racism can never let it go.
*MSM, Al Sharpton and Company, SJWs, progressives, Tah-na-hesi Coats, and anyone in favor or reparations or scaring voters into siding with their party lest the world end for them.
I wonder how many death threats "Uncle Tom" McWhorter has received
A million years ago, when I used to teach Sociology, one of the concepts that the texts discussed was that social tensions were not as likely when things were at their worst, but rather when there was a period of frustrated rising expectations. I think that explains some of what we are seeing with how African-Americans now view race relations in that they likely had very high expectations from the Obama administration, but mostly did not see those expectations come to fruition. They don't want to place the blame for that with Obama, so it must be because malign forces effectively opposed him in pursuing the goals that they wanted.
But Nick needs the racist narrative to keep the progressives around. Now what Nick?
The cops are still deeply racist. Take the tasering story today.
No racism there; the cops didn't even let the color of the suspects clothing enter into the event - - - -
Yay two of my favorite people! Great chat fellas.
@20:25 It [proliferation of the moral black victim zeitgeist] was because of Facebook and Twitter, which I would not give up for any amount of money.
Unsubscribed. Not only for your ignorance regarding Facebook and Twitter but for the mistaken belief that you'd gladly pay FB $10, 20, or 30/mo. to host your webpage or pay Twitter $1-2 per Tweet.
This guy speaks very well. It made for good listening and content.
Despite my trolling above, agreed.
Now if Reason would interview Jordan Peterson it would be interesting too.
It's relentlessly preached throughout media and academia that "To be white is to be born with the stain of unearned privilege", and laws and policies penalize whites for the original sin of Whiteness accordingly.
vs.
America Has Never Been Less Racist
As per usual, "It's not racism when you do it to Whitey".
Democrat progressives are very racist. They think black people are less intelligent than whites, so they passed a law which gives extra points to blacks if they apply to school.
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I watched this in bits because I work so excuse the choppy comments.
Around the 24 m mark he asserted the 'defensive' nature of racism among whites tired of being called racists (as defined today) rather than offensive. Fair enough. However, not sure why prejudices held by African-Americans against Jews and gay rights tend to not be discussed.
On reparations. Again, overall fair take but I'd argue it should never happen. First of all, when he says him getting 50k in his bank 'wouldn't hurt anybody' is *technically* true on a physical level, but it does in the sense it breeds ill-will not to mention it will come by way of taxes. So, you may have a scenario where a white person whose ancestors came in the 1920s and had nothing to do with slavery would find themselves cutting a check - so to speak - to a black person who may or may not be a descendant of slaves or to a wealthy black person.
Reprations is just a terrible Pandora's Box to open.
We have something similar with First Nations in Canada in terms of 'how much contrition' is enough?
My personal take is get over it and move forward but never forget. Just have a nation acknowledge things weren't perfect (which absolutely is the case in North America), and work towards a just society together.
There's also another aspect worth mentioning. We say welfare is a form of enabling in certain cases particularly for people with potential. We know welfare fraud happens but we keep doing it. Who is to say the person who gets 50k squanders the money and continues to demand more 'concessions'? Or as McWhorter identifies, how do we know black leaders who have created a cottage industry don't back off?
This *idea* is so bad the unintended consequences can arguably be seen!
On music. I get his point. I sorta do the same with Italian music for my daughter but here's the thing: Stevie Wonder, Bessie Smith, Enrico Caruso and let's throw in, say, Frank Sinatra transcend race and culture anyway.
I listen to Al Hibbler or Mississipi John Hurt or Gram Parsons or Rush or whatever and while I consider the cultural back drop to which those musicians and their music arose, at the end of the day music is for the soul regardless of culture or creed.
It's superficial to connect it strictly to culture because now we get into cultural appropriation territory.
As a 400lb white dude I am feeling kinda left out now. At least I don't have acne.
Anybody who thinks that race relations haven't improved in the last 50 years is either under 35 or has no memory.
I can rememberL
+ When entire squads of cops would beat up blacks who were peacefully marching for the simple right to vote.
+ When Alabama Governor George Wallace said " I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever," and tried to block two black students from enrolling at the University of Alabama.
+ When the Ku Klux Klan claimed 4,000,000 members. I doubt if the remnants have 10,000 members today.
+ When I was going downtown on a streetcar with my mother and saw a Black man for the very first time. "Look, Mother, a chocolate man." She was embarrassed and shushed me (my parents were liberal all their lives), but the fact remained, you almost never saw a person of color anywhere in the part of Los Angeles called San Fernando Valley.
+ When police would beat or kill a Black man and it wasn't even news.
Things aren't like that now.
We still have a ways to go. We still have race-triggered violence against "people of color". Blacks are more likely to be subject to violence (both non-lethal and homicide) by police than Latinos, who are more likely to be subject to police violence than Whites. Blacks and Latinos typically make less than whites, and only part of that is due to having had less time to accumulate family capital.
But I think we're at least halfway there. Maybe more than halfway.
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I would argue that people who treat others poorly, are equal opportunity assholes, IF they think they can get away with it. In 2019, black Americans are not people you can get away with treating poorly.