David Weigel | April 5, 2006
Here's a story that reveals plenty about the problems African societies face in controlling the spread of AIDS. South African politician Jacob Zuma, on trial for an alleged rape, had shocked AIDS prevention campaigners when he testified he'd had unprotected sex because "chances were very slim" that a man could contract HIV from a woman. He followed up that testimony by claiming that after sex with an HIV-positive woman, he had taken a shower to "minimise the risk of contracting the disease."
Before this trial, one of Zuma's political jobs was heading up the National Aids Council and the Moral Regeneration Campaign.
John Blundell offered a more optimistic take on South Africa's problems in the August/September 2004 issue of Reason.
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The shower part is wacky, what's done is done by then. But on
the "slim" chances of a man getting it from a woman, if we quantify
"exchange of potential carrier fluids" during sexual activity,
isn't he right? Isn't this the scale of potential transmission
during sex, with there being a drastic drop between 2 and 3?
1. male to male
2. male to female
3. female to male
4. female to female
Blasphemy, I know.
The shower part is wacky, what's done is done by then. But on
the "slim" chances of a man getting it from a woman, if we quantify
"exchange of potential carrier fluids" during sexual activity,
isn't he right? Isn't this the scale of potential transmission
during sex, with there being a drastic drop between 2 and 3?
1. male to male
2. male to female
3. female to male
4. female to female
Blasphemy, I know.
Shhh! AIDS is supposed to be for everyone. People are going to think you're one of those right-wingers who imagines that anal intercourse is riskier for men than vaginal intercourse.
I've always wondered why AIDS seems to be transmitted female to male in the third world but not here.An article I read in the WSJ,some time ago,put the odds at about the same as contracting breast cancer.
I've always wondered why AIDS seems to be transmitted female to male in the third world but not here.An article I read in the WSJ,some time ago,put the odds at about the same as men contracting breast cancer.
I've always wondered why AIDS seems to be transmitted female to male in the third world but not here.An article I read in the WSJ,some time ago,put the odds at about the same as men contracting breast cancer.
Blasphemer,
Botswana has an estimated 37.3% adult HIV/AIDS infection rate as of
2003 according to the CIA factbook.
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html
This is hard to reconcile with the notion that "chances were
very slim" that a man could contract HIV from a woman.
When the local population has a high HIV/AIDS infection rate,
unprotected sex, and even protected sex, becomes much more risky
regardless of gender. South Africa has a 2003 estimate of 21.5%
HIV/AIDS adult infection rate.
happyjuggler0, what do the numbers you quote have to do with the question at hand? They're easy enough to reconcile, as far as I can tell.
From a quick google search:
It should be noted that female-to-male HIV transmission is much
rarer than male-to-female. In a study of 379 HIV-infected people
reported in
a 1991 Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers
found only one example of female-to-male transmission, and in that
case, the
couple had had several instances of vaginal or penile bleeding
during intercourse.
Source: Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP., "Female-to-male
transmission of human immunodeficiency virus" (abstract), 25
Sept.
1991,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1886189&dopt=Abstract
Wait, it does discriminate. According to
Transmission rates">one recent study, non-circumcised men
have a 1.3% chance of contracting hiv each time they have sex with
an hiv-positive woman; circumcised men have a .5% chance.
happyjuggler0, I'm also not sure why you can't resolve those two
ideas - large infection population Botswana and a low
female-to-mail transmission rate.
I had a long talk last year with a gentleman who does AIDS
education in Africa through an NGO. He told me that there tends to
be a bell-shaped rate of mortality in these countries that lasts
around 7 years. Many of the countries whose rate of infection is
decreasing are just on the other side of the curve, meaning most of
the people who are gonna get it have got it/passed on already. Also
unfortunately, the most insanely violent strife-ridden countries
were basically given a pass until such time as their internal wars
came to a halt, then the infection rate began there as well.
It kind of reminds one of Europe in the 14th century. An
enlightening but depressing conversation, definitely.
The simple fact is that a circumcised man has extremely low risk
of contracting AIDS through vaginal intercourse. This is a
well-established scientific fact. There are virtually no known
cases of men in the US getting AIDS from having vaginal sex with a
woman.
The high rates of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa indicate that either
they are having a lot more sex with a lot more partners, or that
they are having lots of anal sex, or that they are having lots of
homosexual sex.
Something substantially different is happening in Africa, compared
the West, where AIDS is still (and always will be, apparently)
pretty much a disease of gay men and drug users.
According to Transmission rates">one recent study,
non-circumcised men have a 1.3% chance of contracting hiv each time
they have sex with an hiv-positive woman; circumcised men have a
.5% chance.
There's nothing in the article, or in the CDC reference (which
doesn't even mention this issue), to back up those numbers; I've
often seen a .1% (1/1000) chance of a man contracting AIDs by
vaginal intercourse with an HIV+ woman.
This [high rates of AIDS infection] is hard to reconcile with
the notion that "chances were very slim" that a man could contract
HIV from a woman.
"Needles not sex drove African AIDS pandemic"
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3417
According to Transmission rates">one recent study,
non-circumcised men have a 1.3% chance of contracting hiv each time
they have sex with an hiv-positive woman; circumcised men have a
.5% chance.
There's nothing in the article, or in the CDC reference (which
doesn't even mention this issue), to back up those numbers; I've
often seen a .1% (1/1000) chance of a man contracting AIDs by
vaginal intercourse with an HIV+ woman.
This [high rates of AIDS infection] is hard to reconcile with
the notion that "chances were very slim" that a man could contract
HIV from a woman.
"Needles not sex drove African AIDS pandemic"
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3417
According to Transmission rates">one recent study,
non-circumcised men have a 1.3% chance of contracting hiv each time
they have sex with an hiv-positive woman; circumcised men have a
.5% chance.
There's nothing in the article, or in the CDC reference (which
doesn't even mention this issue), to back up those numbers; I've
often seen a .1% (1/1000) chance of a man contracting AIDs by
vaginal intercourse with an HIV+ woman.
This [high rates of AIDS infection] is hard to reconcile with
the notion that "chances were very slim" that a man could contract
HIV from a woman.
"Needles not sex drove African AIDS pandemic"
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3417
Mr. F. Le Mur, the news article refers to a U. Chicago study and
provides a link. It had nothing to do with the CDC factsheet.
But you're right, the study even references those 1000-to-1 studies
and the news releases of the study suggest it's the highest rate
that's been calculated in such a study. So the risk is either kind
of low (.5%) or extremely low (.1%).
Man, how unlucky was Magic Johnson? It was almost impossible for
him to contract HIV from a woman....
Still, these African guys are nuts, and dangerously so.
Thanks to Mr. F. Le Mur for the following link:
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3417
This seems a highly plausible explanation for the high HIV/AIDS
rate in Africa.
So does the possibility of more anal sex.
I have heard, but have no way of verifying, that the widespread
practice of female genital mutilation in African nations often
results in damage to a woman's glands that secrete lubricant for
sex.
As one can imagine, sex without any form of lubricant has a high
probability of resulting in tearing of the skin of the penis, which
would make female-to-male AIDS tranmission rates much more
likely.
Again, this was just something that came up in a conversation, and
I have no source, so if it's BS, feel free to disregard.
I remember reading some time ago that many Africans engage in "dry sex" because they find the smell of female arousal offensive, this can lead to vaginal tearing, which could lead to higher transmission rates. Too lazy to find a link, however.
It's been a long time since I've read about this, but it seems
like there are some differences in the strains of HIV on different
continents. IIRC, the HIV-C strain, prevelant in Southeast Asia and
Africa are more easily transmitted from female to male than the
US/European strains. It doesn't seem like that separation can last,
and that the C strain would get into US/European populations sooner
or later.
There could be something to the questions of circumcision and
female-genital-mutilation. Those may each modify the chances of
transmition. I also think I read somewhere that genital herpes can
also increase the odds of HIV transmition. I'm far from an expert,
so don't quote me on any of this, though.
Man, how unlucky was Magic Johnson? It was almost impossible
for him to contract HIV from a woman....
Thats why I never believed him. There is a rumor (so take it with a
grain of salt) that when Charles Barkley first heard that Magic was
HIV+, the first thing he said was something like "I hope he doesn't
tell how he got it". Back then someone told me about a common
problem in the black community of "straight" men having sex with
men and I pretty much ignored that. Well, there have been a few
bestsellers now about being on the down low so maybe there is
something to it.
temujin334 I heard the same thing from a small time sportswriter who said no one reported on it because of their fondness for Magic.
I'd guess that no one is interested in getting his "red wings" anymore. Too dangerous, I suppose.
Given some stories I have heard about Magic from a former
co-worker I think for him getting AIDS from a female is a pretty
good possibility.
(rumour has it he celebrated each triple-double with three
ladies)...
(rumour has it he celebrated each triple-double with three
ladies)...
Well, three women, anyway.
Dry humping? Yikes!
Maybe they don't need aids education and just need some lube?
http://dir.salon.com/story/sex/feature/2002/01/16/lubes_hiv/index.html
Not dry humping (which can still transmit herpes and warts), but
dried sex. they use herbs, dust and powder to absorb the moisture
in the vagina.
As for the rarity of F-to-M hetero transmission, you need to
account for frequency of the act, and number of partners. if this
is a common route of transmission, then the answers are A LOT and A
LOT. that would explain why men can and ARE getting it from
women.
And yes, herpes increases HIV transmission because it ulcerates the
skin, and because it inflames the genitals. The inflammatory
response increases the number of immune cells in the region, which
instead of fighting the HIV, pick it up and result in lingering
infection.
And where are the tinfoil hat people? they make me laugh with their
stupid ideas.
Underestimated and underfocussed in officialdom is the spread of
HIV via reused and unsanitary needles (medical
injection/testing/sale of plasma) in poorer countries. HIV is
primarily a bloodborne virus like hte hepatitises, in which sexual
transmission is a secondary opportunity (anal intercourse is more
risky because of the damage to tissue and hte fact that intestinal
tissue is designed to be blood-absorbent vs. vaginal tissue
designed to be a tunnel of protection).
Closer-in studies that bother to ask may find results like these
below; more skeptical and careful questioning on case studies is
also called for:
"HIV-1 infection in relation to educational status, use of
hypodermic injections and other risk behaviours in Ethiopian
sailors."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9103693&query_hl=13&itool=pubmed_docsum
"Running on empty: sexual co-factors are insufficient to fuel
Africa's turbocharged HIV epidemic."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15228728&query_hl=15&itool=pubmed_docsum
What's going on in Africa is a mess and harder to determine than
atrributing transmission predominantly to the least efficient form
of transmission (female to male vaginal intercourse A opposed to
anal intercourse or the most efficient -- dirty needles). Further,
sexual behavior in most African countries is a bit more prudish
than more advanced countries.
Getting to the truth (wherever it may lie) is not helped by heaping
doses of ideologically charged foreign aid, and the Duesbergians
and others who say that HIV doesnt cause AIDS.
"Running on empty: sexual co-factors are insufficient to
fuel Africa's turbocharged HIV epidemic."
Same thing for China (etc), but I'm too lazy to look it up. Near
the begining of the AIDS farce, "Science 85(?)" magazine (IIRC) had
maps showing how the W.H.O. African immunization programs almost
exactly overlapped reported AIDS cases.
Getting to the truth (wherever it may lie) is not helped by
heaping doses of ideologically charged foreign aid, and the
Duesbergians and others who say that HIV doesnt cause
AIDS.
There may be some truth in that, in a round about way: when
Africans have some other disease, claiming that it's AIDS gets the
bucks, e.g. special AIDS funding appears to cause AIDS cases.
Along the same lines, look up the websites of the "AIDS activist"
orgs mentioned in the original article: they're really about
new-agey touchy-feely issues other than AIDS.
Anyone who's heard the lame "protect yourself" information-free
AIDS "information" from activist groups (like the silly CDC!) has
to realize they're playing words games, because the real protection
information is damned simple: "Don't share needles. Don't butt-fuck
people or let other people butt-fuck you. Don't get injections in
Africa or China."
Man, how unlucky was Magic Johnson? It was almost impossible
for him to contract HIV from a woman....
A co-worker of mine claimed to have seen Magic in a club in L.A.
fraternizing with men (holding hands, kissing, etc.) in the early
90's.
The rumors I have heard state that his bi-sexuallity have been kept
secret because of his use as a object lesson to the heterosexual
community. "AIDS isn't just a gay/IV drug user disease!"
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