David Weigel | October 18, 2006
Attempting to calculate how many bullets troops fire every day in Iraq, Steve Sailer digs up a few data points from military researchers and congressional testimony and comes up with a big number: 275,000.
Of course, the vast majority of bullets fired never hit anybody, but you can imagine the psychological impact on Iraqis of having 275,000 American bullets per day flying around their county trying to kill somebody. The .50 caliber rounds from the old M-2 machine gun are particularly alarming -- they can fly for several miles and at close range can punch through several walls. It's kind of hard to win the hearts and minds of Iraqis when you are firing a quarter of a million bullets per day in their homeland, some of them winding up in random living rooms. Borat's joke -- "We of Kazakhstan support your War of Terror" -- must not be too funny to Iraqis.
Consider, too, that most of those bullets are being fired in Baghdad and Anbar Province, and the number is even more astounding. But has anyone compared how the bullet expenditures have changed since 2003, or if this is even a good metric to use for judging war progress? Maybe Congress could inves... well, maybe someone could check it out.
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The number of bullets fired would always be a poor metric. It's
a mildly interesting and you could certainly make the simple
conclusion: More bullets fired = more combat.
But in these days of relatively modern warfare, you could have
changes in the number of bullets fired with a mere change of
tactics- amount of engagements be damned. For instance, if more
fighting sprung up outside of Baghdad, less bullets could
be fired because the soldiers on the ground might start relying on
rear artillery or air support.
Even in urban fighting, new directives on a daily basis could be
laid out as to how to engage in neighborhoods which could result in
an increase of bullets fired for smaller engagements.
David
I oppose the Iraq war, but I think you're wide of the mark
here.
The kills/shots-fired ratio has been ridiculously low since David
first loaded a sling.
I do sympathize with the plight of the Iraqi civilians, but I think
the same is true of those caught in the middle of any war. It is
not a folly unique to the US troops in Iraq (even if we discount
the fact that many rounds are fired just to make the enemy keep
their heads down.)
"For instance, if more fighting sprung up outside of Baghdad,
less bullets could be fired..."
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Whether or not it's a good metric for judging progress, it is
based in nitty-gritty, measurable reality. And it's a big number.
It could be effective as a talking point when debating war boosters
who tend to think only in abstract terms like "spreading
democracy".
On the other hand, if hawks aren't affected by body count
statistics, then number of bullets fired per day isn't going to
sway them.
I hope this doesn't label me as a gun nut, but I don't think the
old M-2 fires .50 caliber.
If I'm mistaken, I told you I'm not a gun nut.
Lots of bullets being fired and many more comming from american snipers picking off terrorists
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Ouch, Tim. So we agree that the capital of France is Paris?
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Ouch, Tim. So we agree that the capital of France is
Paris?
Fear not, Paul, your usage of 'less' was quite correct, though
perhaps not preferred.
I don't care about any "kills/shots-fired ratio." Living within an area "slightly more than twice the size of Idaho," according to the CIA factbook, that has an average of 275,000 bullets flying around every day, whether or not they are aimed at me would really freak me out. That ain't no party nor disco, nor is it any fooling around.
Is it not true those rag headed goobers are always shooting up in the air with their AK47's and such. Think they would be used to all the falling metal.
On the other hand, if hawks aren't affected by body count
statistics, then number of bullets fired per day isn't going to
sway them.
True, but voting the idiots out of office might just get their
attention.
I don't mind admitting I'm a gun nut. Anyhoo, non-military types
don't seem to understand the process involved in maintaining an
infantry. You tend to fire more practice rounds (by far) than you
ever direct towards an enemy.
I know for a fact that the Lake City army ammunition plant makes
1.2 billion rounds a year, and total munitions contracted are some
1.8 billion rounds; but I don't know how much of that goes to Iraq.
But again, there's lots of training involved in those
numbers.
Small arms ammo expenditures are in the neighborhood of $166
million annually.
FYI.
The trend up or down from 275,000 could be noise, changes in our
tactics, changes in their tactics, or increases or decreases in the
intensity of fighting, so I don't find the trend terribly
informative without more info.
However, 275,000 bullets per day is a large number, and we're only
going to get anywhere close to it in a war of considerable
size.
I can't believe people got away with shouting "everything's fine"
for three years. Everything is not fine now, it wasn't fine when
the insurgency was on its last legs, it wasn't fine when we turned
the corner after the elections, it wasn't fine when we weren't
facing an insurgency, it wasn't fine when there were just a few
dead enders, and it wasn't fine when freedom was messy.
We were systematically lied to, and there were a whole lot of eager
beaver volunteers helping pass on the bullshit.
Throw the bums out.
Is it not true those rag headed goobers are always shooting
up in the air with their AK47's and such. Think they would be used
to all the falling metal.
I have always wondered about that ritual. I have never seen people
ducking for cover in the aftermath of one of the celebratory
shoot-straight-up-repeatedly sessions. But if my physics is correct
than the bullets must come down at either almost the same speed or
(if air resistance slows them down significantly) still pretty
fast. I don't think they are shot up at a high enough velocity to
escape earth's gravity.
Does anyone know how that works?
275,000 is surely just the start. It's probably 1.5 or 2 times that, if you add in all the insurgent fire, or the sectarian militia fire.
I know very little (maybe nothing) about guns, bullets, etc. So can someone please tell me how many bullets are fired per day in, say, the US? This miight help frame the discussion of whether (how?) "big" the number 275,000 really is.
David,
To answer your questions, here's a comparison in small arms ammo
production from Lake City:
1995 = 325 million rounds per year
2001 = 800 million rounds per year
2006 = 1.2 billion rounds per year
275,000/24 = 11,458 per hour
11,458/60 = 191 per minute
191/60 = 3.2 per second
Right now, combining firing ranges and the hunting season, don't
you think more than 3.2 bullets per second are being shot in this
country.
Yes.
And do the comparison to Iraq and per shot per square mile you get
something equivalent probably to Iraq or not, which proves using
bullets shot per day is really a very asinine way to judge military
success.
Usually the comments here are by people of a higher
intelligence.
Oh well, price of the free market. A moron gets to raise his stupid
point. Sera, sera.
"...if my physics is correct than the bullets must come down at
either almost the same speed or (if air resistance slows them down
significantly) still pretty fast. I don't think they are shot up at
a high enough velocity to escape earth's gravity."
Of course they don't escape earth gravity. If bullet traveled at
escape velocity there would be a pretty dense layer of lead in
orbit.
They come down at terminal velocity, nowhere near the muzzel
velocity when they leave the weapon. The bullet goes starts moving
downward from a state of zero velocity at it's hisghest point. The
terminal velocity is as fast as it can move with air resistance. In
a vacum the bullet would hit the ground with the same velocity as
it left the muzzle.
Hell, just since this thread started, I've shot up at least 25,000 rounds trying to inspire the server squirrels to work faster.
The bullet will generally come down faster than at terminal velocity since (unless shooting straight up) only the vertical component of the velocity reaches zero. The bullet still has the horizontal contribution due to the initial muzzle velocity
Since bullets are spin stablized anything fired straight up,
pointy end first, will tend to stop and fall back down blunt end
first, thus reducing it's terminal velocity. It's been a while
since I've looked at a ballistics program but memory says the slug
will impact with about as much force as a golfball sized chunk of
hail. Not good to be beaned with, but not fatal either. I think
there was a myth-busters about this recently too.
The real problem is when the bullets are fired at less than about a
75 degree angle and they retain much of their velocity, and hence
energy, all the way to impact.
Back in the peaceful late 90's domestic ammo production was about 5
billion rds/yr. Most of that was fired in the lower 48. It didn't
kill 600K here.
I have never seen people ducking for cover in the aftermath
of one of the celebratory shoot-straight-up-repeatedly sessions.
But if my physics is correct than the bullets must come down at
either almost the same speed or (if air resistance slows them down
significantly) still pretty fast. I don't think they are shot up at
a high enough velocity to escape earth's gravity. Does anyone know
how that works?
Without getting too technical (The exact numbers depend on the
cartridge's muzzle velocity, and the bullet's terminal velocity) a
.30 caliber bullet shot straight up will come down fast enough to
cause serious injury or death to any person or animal it
hits.
Every four or five years the San Antonio news reports on someone
wounded or killed by a falling bullet on the Forth of July or New
Years. And those are usually handgun, not rifle bullets.
From my experience the main contributor to this lead pollution is
not the .50 caliber M-2, but the .22 caliber infantry rifles.
Issuing soldiers very light automatic weapons and hundreds of
rounds of ammunition tends to reduce the incentive to actually hit
the target when shooting.
Unless, of course, the figure includes the 20mm ammo for the
helicopter and aircraft gatlings. They shoot so fast it's hard to
fire less than 100 rounds per trigger squeeze.
In a vacum the bullet would hit the ground with the same
velocity as it left the muzzle.
Wrong. Maybe in space. But that involve a vacuum and
microgravity.
In a vacuum(but still on earth) - assuming it was shot up - it
would eventually return to earth accelerating from the hight at
which gravity overtook it until it hit the something on the return
to earth.
That would most likely be less that the muzzle velocity because of
the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
"Right now, combining firing ranges and the hunting season,
don't you think more than 3.2 bullets per second are being shot in
this country."
pretty disingenous.
3.2 bullets/second at a range or hunting deer does not produce the
same effects on a population as 3.2 bps in your neighborhoods.
downstater, I know, that is why I said its asinine to judge
military success by shots fired.
As for the same effects, well just ask Barbra Boxer or Sarah Brady
or any PETA twit and I am sure, they'll swear that the damage done
by the torrential daily shooting produces a daily obscence
holocaust far worse in Iraq because its etc. etc. etc.....
qeek, velocity is velocity whether horizontal or vertical
components are involved.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics - in a sense - indicates the energy
produced by the event will never be greater than the energy that
produces the evnt(s).
If the muzzle velocity gets the bullet up to the point where
gravity reduces velocity to zero, then on the return trip, the
velocity can never be higher than the initial muzzle velocity
unless some other energy is added to increase that velocity.
Since gravity is a constant, there's no place in our example for
additional energy to add velocity. Keep in mind the velocity on the
up trip will decrease at the same rate at which it increases coming
back down.
i agree that shots fired is probably not a good metric for
success.
what i'm trying to refute is any notion that the number of shots
fired in iraq is no big deal because we have that many here in the
states - when our shots are clearly fired with a different
intent/purpose.
boxer? brady? peta? not sure how their takes (however stupid they
may be) are relevant enough to the discussion to even be brought
up. i think you may have some personal hostility to work
through.
Madpad-
OK- in a vacuum, on earth, with a vertical shot -why would the
round not travel at muzzle velocity when it reached the muzzle on
the way down?
All the energy of the round has no were to go (no friction) on the
way up, it is 100% converted into potentail energy. On the way down
an equal about of energy is released. The accelration of the round
would be symetracal.
By god, am I the only guy around here who watches Mythbusters
religiously?!:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MythBusters_(season_3)#Episode_50_.E2.80.94_.22Bullets_Fired_Up.22
"As for the same effects, well just ask Barbra Boxer or Sarah
Brady or any PETA twit..."
Republicans: all culture war, all the time.
What were we talking about again?
Fear not, Paul, your usage of 'less' was quite correct,
though perhaps not preferred.
I do agree with Tim that 'fewer' is much preferred. At least it
reads better to me. It just kinda stung is all...
downstater,
Your probably right. But can you think of a better place to work
through your personal hostility then a comment section of a
blog?
How many rounds fired per day probably isnt a good metric for
how "well" we are doing. Its a better metric for how truck drivers
are doing, as they run the ammo out to dispersed troops. Low on
ammo? You shoot less. Endless rounds- full auto, spray & pray.
BECAUSE:
in general (Marines excepted, to a point) actual rifelry isnt
taught in training. Its an art as well as a skill: in that you can
be taught the rules & still not have the talent. Outside of
snipers- the most responsible people on a battlefield- and Marine
combat troops, (I know, they are all combat, but some get more
range/tutoring time) actual long range marksmanship isnt taught.
Takes a lot of time & many hours of practice to simply be
"competant".
Figure, during the Boer War, a 14 year old Boer lad was expected to
hit a Brit in the head, first time, every time, at 300 plus yards.
That was considered "competant" with the Mauser rifle of the
day.
Wars One & Two saw soldiers, over open sights, doing the same,
maybe a bit more. Being able to hit a pack of luckies at 200
yardas. Pop a Jerry in the head at 400 yards: std for a Russian
sniper w/ a 4x scope. But that kind of training takes time. Time is
expensive, mass produced ammo cheap. "Contractors" profit from ammo
sales. Nobody makes a buck off sniper training,
After War 2, automatic firearms came to the fore, & volume of
fire replaced accuracy of fire. Accuracy of fire requires complete
confidence & a cool heads. Volume of fire requires an idea of
what direction to unload & a trigger finger. Thus the huge
number of rounds expended. Couple that with the fact Our Lads (and
Lasses) are shooting a light, fast bullet suited for very close
range work in an open (long range) environment, and you get massive
numbers of rounds fired, often at nothing at all they can see. Cant
blame them: its a complete fiasco, we here on the Home Front let
them down by lettin it happen, & they want to get home. And
have almost unlimited ammo.
Now translate "blind shooting" like this into artillery ,or naval
gunnery, or areial bombardment, and you get Viet Nam, &
Lebanon, when we were "neutral".
Snipers. They got my respect, completely. One shot, one kill. No
"collateral" damage....unless you are, say, the FBI HRT. A Marine
or Army sniper can take the right life with one round a thousand
yards or more. & the Marines- them rascals, were using Ma Deuce
.50's with big ass scopes on them & a spotter with a stop wath
to shoot Viets 2-3 miles away.
Had a 7.62 round come thru the tin roof & land in my soup, in
Nicaragua. Came mostly straight down. I figure a skull aint much
harder than a tin roof & the bottom of my soup bowl.....
"But can you think of a better place to work through your
personal hostility then a comment section of a blog?"
apparently it's being worked through 3 times per second in
iraq!
"Also the MythBusters were able to identify two people who had been injured by falling bullets, one of them fatally injured."
If anyone knows (and I'm too lazy to check), how many allied
troops are in Iraq? Divide into the number of bullets each
day.
1000 rounds each? 100? 10? 2?
Not trying to make a statement, just curious.
"OK- in a vacuum, on earth, with a vertical shot -why would the
round not travel at muzzle velocity when it reached the muzzle on
the way down?
All the energy of the round has no were to go (no friction) on the
way up, it is 100% converted into potentail energy. On the way down
an equal about of energy is released. The accelration of the round
would be symetracal."
The key, I think, is that on the upward portion of the trip, the
bullet would travel farther in a vacuum than in air, giving it more
time to accelerate on the way down.
In air, the bullet could only reach muzzle velocity while falling
only if it were allowed to keep falling below the height at which
it was fired. (frex, if it was fired by someone on a wire across
the grand canyon.)
why would the round not travel at muzzle velocity when it
reached the muzzle on the way down?
Because according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the energy
recovered will always be less, not equal too, the energy
used.
Or as Alan Ginsberg restates it, "You can't break even."
"Also the MythBusters were able to identify two people who
had been injured by falling bullets, one of them fatally
injured."
I don't think mythbusters tried very hard. I was a bit surprised
that they were... surprised.
I believe there have been a number of documented cases in Israel
and Palestine of people seriously injured and killed by falling
bullets.
We are, for want of a better word, anthropomorphizing the Iraqis into our own image. This is a country where AK-47s are fired into the air at weddings, for Christ's sake. Let's not go overboard with the psychological impact of a little flying lead.
Paul,
There's a difference between arcing and falling. One still retains
some of it's original momentum and is merely trending downward; the
other has lost all it's momentum, and is purely under the control
of gravity.
Semantics, I know. But important. Falling bullets only go
150 FPS. Arcing bullets can retain significant velocity, and impact
miles from the weapon.
Just to clear things up, the U.S. military fires several million
bullets per day in training exercises around the world. My estimate
of 275,000 per day is the number of American bullets fired in anger
in combat operations in Iraq based on testimony at a 2004
Congressional hearing.
Perhaps I've made some mistakes in my calculations, but the most
striking fact about this number is how little interest there has
been in the media. The Pentagon, not surprisingly, has not made a
big deal out of it.
Ok, after running the numbers through my ballistics calculator,
here's what I got:
Shooting a 308 WIN. ball at a 64 degree angle, it will land 2.6
miles away at a speed of 440 fps. That will kill you.
If you shot it at a perfect 90 degree angle, it would keep going
until it lost its momentum, and come back down at 150 fps.
That's great, Lee. I guess all flying bullets are created equal, whether your cousin is firing them harmlessly into the air, or a foriegn army is playing Doom with insurgents in your neighborhood.
MikeLaursen:
No, you are not the only one around here who watches Mythbusters
religiously.
The Mythbusters proved:
1) A bullet fired straight up in the air will stop and be suspended
motionless in the air for a fraction of a second. The muzzle
velocity of the bullet is relevant only to how high it goes, not
how fast it falls. A bullet that travels straight up, say 1 mile,
will fall and hit the ground at the same speed as if you dropped it
from a stationary baloon 1 mile up. This is terminal velocity and
would hurt like hell, but it won't kill you. However, a bullet
fired into the air at an angle (another commenter or two mentioned
this) retains a considerable amount of energy, enough to kill you
deader'n hell.
So say the Mythbusters, and these guys are very scientific and
sytematic in their investigations.
Just for s&gs. Troops ARE taught fairly good marksmanship
skills. You are expected to be able to hit a target at 300m. It is
NOT spray-and-pray.
All others, SF, Ranger, Airborne, etc, all can hit were they
aim.
Please look at 'Murphy's Rules of Combat'. It's not really a
joke.
Retired SF dood
I'm afraid the 2nd law of thermodynamics isn't relevant here.
"You can't break even" is a statistical principle that applies to
useful energy derived from an heat engine. Useful energy is only
meaningful in the context of a thermodynamic problem. It is
incorrect to think of the bullet as deriving useful energy from
this process. This is a much simpler calculation involving
potential energy, kinetic energy, and friction losses.
Conservation of energy is the relevant principle here. You trade
kinetic energy for potential energy going up the gravity well, and
you get it back going back down the gravity well. A bullet fired up
at 90 degrees in a vacuum will arrive back at ground level with the
same kinetic energy it had going up. Air resistance turns kinetic
energy into heat. But there is no thermodynamics involved. Really,
I know this stuff.
(Except for the air being heated. There is thermodynamics in that process. But we are talking about the bullet as a single object.)
There what, 125,000 plus US soldiers in Iraq. So 275,000 bullets is only a little over 2 per soldier per day. This seems pretty low to me, not high, especially considering the rate of fire of some automatic weapons like those on helicopters and 50 cals.
Even with the mere qualifier of "Really, I know this stuff." I defer to Fred's expertise. It's been about 12 years since I had college physics. I'd ask a bunch of questions but "Lost" is getting ready to come on so see ya.
It's okay, the Pentagon has figured out the problem. It's all one guy, PFC John Rambo.
ellipsis:
There's a difference between arcing and falling.
I definitely know this. And I saw the opening of the Mythbusters
show- but unfortunately due to extenuating circumstances I couldn't
watch the whole bit.
After reading some of the other comments, I guess the Mythbusters
peeps noted that a bullet fired 'straight up' is different than one
fired at a given arc etc. etc.
I guess to me, and having a certain knowledge of guns firing in the
air, it would be fantastically rare for someone to fire a bullet
into the air straight enough AND hit someone to show up
statistically. Most shots fired into the air are done
indiscriminately and as such enjoy some sort of arc in their
tragectory.
As a kid, we used to fire shotguns with birdshot as straight into
the air as we could, and then listen for the pellets hitting the
desert bushes around us. No one ever got hurt.
Correct me if I am wrong, I'm not, but a bullet shot straight up is actually accelerating straight down from the instant it leaves the barrel of the gun until it hits the ground.
Bobster,
It is technically possible that the bullet is no longer
accelerating inside the barrel, if it reaches the sonic velocity of
the pressure wave pushing it out of the barrel. Once it leaves the
barrel it continuously accelerated toward earth by gravity (this
can thought of as decceleration if the bullet is shot straight up).
It is also deccelerated (accelerated against its direction of
travel by friction with the air.
Also, although there 125,000 or so troops in Iraq, only about
20,000 or so are combat troops and they do most of the
shooting.
Buck Smith,
I guess that is technically possible but not probable. I don't
think there are any guns made where this happens. What would be the
point of having a barrel longer than the length necessary to reach
the speed of the pressure wave pushing the bullet? The extra length
would be useless.
wow
this whole devolution into a debate on the physics of falling
bullets is such a perfect reminder that most libertoids are
ubernerds.
JG
The researcher must have read the statistices without having a
clue for their context.
First off, Soldiers and Marines are not just firing
indiscrimiately, so most Iraqis don't have bullets whizzing over
their heads at random hours. (unless you want to take the time
honored Iraqi tradition of "celebratory gunfire") For the most
part, the firing is controlled. Iraq is not a free-fire zone, and
the rules of engagement call for several actions to be taken,
circumstances permitting, before one bullet leaves the
barrel.
Second, once a hostile target has been identified, often by firing
upon Soldiers or attempting to set of an IED, they don't do us the
courtesy of standing still in the open and allowing himself to be
dispatched with one shot.
The researcher has obviously no idea of the concept of suppressive
fire either. Did he take into account that any almost any day of
the week, lots of rounds are being fired solely for the purpose of
training?
Statistics are useful tools, but only rarely prove a theory.
wow...this whole devolution into a debate on the physics of
falling bullets is such a perfect reminder that most libertoids are
ubernerds.
Consider where the the debate devolved from...a post about the
number of bullets being fired in our current military action.
Ubernerds indeed.
Mythbusters rules. It should be cited hereabouts more frequently. Last night, they shot a pressurized air tank right through a concrete wall. Bam!
SFC SKI,
275,000 bullets being fired through disciplined targetting is still
275,000 bullets - especially given the locations and character of
the melees that make up this war, usually firefights in populated
towns and cities, in and amongst the population. That American
soldiers are demonstrating this discipline is relevant in judging
their morality and that of their commanders, but it probably
doesn't make much of a difference what tactics were being employed
when its your house that get sprayed with .30 caliber bullets. As
you say, the character of this war is causing this variety of
fighting, even as careful rules of engagement are being
followed.
"Did he take into account that any almost any day of the week, lots
of rounds are being fired solely for the purpose of training?" Yes,
he did, as he wrote in the article, as was nice enough to repeat in
the comment thread: the 275,000 figure represents shots fired in
battle.
Thanks for pointing out my oversight, Joe.
I won't question the data Mr. Sailer used, but I am in Ramadi, and
just by going through the daily combat reports, I am seeing far
less than 1,000 rounds per day on average being fired by the entire
combat team. I read reports from other provinces, and those don't
differ much more. The daily numbers just don't back up the
statistical averages. Ballpark math for the size of this element
dictates that we should be shooting about 9,000 rounds a day, and
that is if every trooper was on the walls holding off an attack. In
reality, far fewer Soldiers are likely to engage in direct combat
on a daily basis.
I am not a statistician or a math whiz, and I am not suggesting Mr.
Sailer is lying, I am just saying that I do not see the evidence of
275,000 rounds being expended daily in relation to the level of
activity I see in my part of the Anbar province. I can't explain
it, and it's not my area of expertise, I merely want to say I am
skeptical. I also don't want to create the impression that
everything is just rosy here in the Jewel of the Euphrates River
Valley.
Im hopin standards are better in riflery than when I went thru
training in '68. While I went thru just basic firearms training-
bein in the Engineers- I saw enough of AI Infantry trained grunts
who had no notion of actual marksmanship. That I learned at home,
& it was that, not any Army training, that saved my young ass.
Lucky us, we had 14's. ended up being drafted to coach the poorer
shooters in my training Co, at that.
And I know how much spray & pray was goin on, then, with zero
concern of what was downrange past our putative targets.
Anyhow, SgtSki, any hostility/skepticism you might pick up in my
comments has to do with the war, not you boys (my boys) havin been
there myself.
You take care of them boys, Sarge. Me & mine are rootin for you
all to both take it to them, and get home.
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