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Climatologist Roy Spencer Rains on Global Warming Model Predictions

University of Alabama Huntsville climatologist Roy Spencer weighs in as a global warming "moderate" in the New York Post:

Computerized models of our climate have had a habit of "drifting" too warm or too cold. This because they still don't contain all of the temperature-stabilizing processes that exist in nature. In fact, for the amount of solar energy available to it, our climate seems to have a "preferred" average temperature, damping out swings beyond 1 degree or so.

I believe that, through various negative feedback mechanisms, the atmosphere "decides" how much of the available sunlight will be allowed in, how much greenhouse effect it will generate in response, and what the average temperature will be.

Finally, remember that phrase, "the Earth's greenhouse effect keeps the Earth habitably warm?" I'll bet you never heard the phrase that is, quantitatively, more accurate: "Weather processes keep the Earth habitably cool."

Were it not for weather, the natural greenhouse effect would cause the surface of the Earth to average 140 degrees. Wonder why we never hear that fact stated?

I believe that when the stabilizing effects of precipitation systems are better understood and included into the models, predictions of global warming will be scaled back.

Despite current inadequacies, climate models are still our best tools for forecasting global warming. Those tools just aren't sharp enough yet.

UAH climatologists Spencer and John Christy are the principal investigators who have been compiling data from NOAA satellites on global temperature trends since 1978. Their data indicates that global average temperatures are going up at about 0.14 degrees Celsius per decade which is at the lower end of the climate model projections. 

See whole Spencer article here.

For my views on global warming look here and here.  

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Comments to "Climatologist Roy Spencer Rains on Global Warming Model Predictions":

P Brooks | February 27, 2007, 8:06am | #

That old "butterfly's wing" canard has more to do with the crudity of the models than the delicacy and interdependence of the global ecosystem. You may commence hurling abuse now.

Tim Lambert | February 27, 2007, 8:22am | #

I guess those Ice Ages never happened...

DavidS | February 27, 2007, 8:23am | #

Interesting that the original populariser of the 'self-regulating earth' meme, James Lovelock, is now one of the biggest promoters of the idea that a disruptive change to the climate is now possible/likely...

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 8:32am | #

So, they are still ignoring the killer bee crisis? Typical!

Chris S. | February 27, 2007, 8:49am | #

The atmosphere "decides" to allow a certain level of sunlight, "self-regulates" and "prefers" certain temperatures. For those who recall me arguing that Gaia worship isn't a factor in the global warming debate, I'll make a special exception for Roy "NY Post thinks I’m a moderate" Spencer.

He's certainly right that we don't know quite a bit about weather processes. Who wouldn't admit that? Our models are just best guesses, but that doesn't mean we should have faith that the Earth will self-regulate (or if you prefer, God will regulate the climate).

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 8:53am | #

Chris S.,

I prefer the Gia woeship. Angelina Jolee was so hot in that.

R C Dean | February 27, 2007, 8:57am | #

Yes, funny, isn't it, Tim, that somehow the Earth manages to stay much colder, even to the point of having Ice Ages, than the greenhouse effect would seem to indicate.

So, yes, they did happen, Tim, and that is why we shouldn't fly into a frothing panic over the current warming trend. Its not exactly the first one the planet has seen, after all.

AustinRoth | February 27, 2007, 8:58am | #

Global Warming Heretic! He must be stoned into silence!

There is absolutely no dissent from the man-made global warming meme; it is a consensus. All dissent must be crushed, because consensus means 'unanimity', not 'majority of opinion', despite what dictionaries say.

Furthermore, never in the course of history has a scientific consensus opinion later been proven wrong.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 8:59am | #

There is absolutely no dissent from the man-made global warming meme; it is a consensus. All dissent must be crushed, because consensus means 'unanimity', not 'majority of opinion', despite what dictionaries say.

Fortunately, straw is a renewable resource, so burning it is carbon-neutral.

Fenevad | February 27, 2007, 9:04am | #

That old "butterfly's wing" canard has more to do with the crudity of the models than the delicacy and interdependence of the global ecosystem. You may commence hurling abuse now.
Actually, the point is that no matter how detailed the model is, it is never detailed enough because the smallest uncertainty is multiplied over time and the system loses coherence. It's not the crudity of the models per se, but rather that sufficient accuracy is impossible. In other words you can't build a model that isn't crude...

The interconnectedness bit and interpretation is quite popular because of a prevalent misunderstanding of the NOVA special on chaos theory a number of years ago that really introduced the "butterfly effect" with respect to weather (as opposed to the older usage in time paradox science fiction based on a Ray Bradbury short story). It stated that the motion of a butterfly's wing in Japan could change the weather in New York two weeks later (if I remember the analogy right), but the point of that was not that everything is interconnected, but rather that even the smallest change in the system anywhere would destroy the predictive ability of the model down the road.

Unless something has changed in recent years that I don't know about (I stopped following all of this when I went from marine biology to linguistics), the basic result was that climate scientists were saying that you can predict weather with better than 50% accuracy only about seven days out and that any incremental linear increases beyond that would be accomplished only by exponential increases in the amount of data and processing required to achieve them.

The net result is that that butterfly in Tokyo means that it is, for all intents and purposes, impossible to know the weather in Toronto in two weeks. Or think of it another way: the only system that can accurately predict the weather at any given moment in time in the future is the earth's weather system itself. Anything else is an approximation with a sharp drop off in accuracy after about seven days

Tim Lambert | February 27, 2007, 9:05am | #

Err, Dean, if the planet self-regulates like Spencer claims then we wouldn't have had those ice ages. But we did, so he's wrong.

James Annan has the technical details if you are interested.

Fenevad | February 27, 2007, 9:08am | #

Of course the hope of climatologists is that all those butterflies are so much inconsequential noise in the system when they try to extrapolate long-term trends. That isn't actually such a bad approach because you can observe trends without accounting for all of the pieces. Just because a butterfly in South America might stop a particular hurricane from forming later this year that doesn't mean that other hurricane's won't form or that you can't predict that the season will be a heavy or a weak one for hurricanes...

Thomas Paine's Goiter | February 27, 2007, 9:10am | #

The money quote:

Contrary to popular accounts, very few scientists in the world - possibly none - have a sufficiently thorough, "big picture" understanding of the climate system to be relied upon for a prediction of the magnitude of global warming.

bj | February 27, 2007, 9:20am | #

The reason we have to fight this global warming stuff has nothing to do with the science. If the planet really is heating up from human activity, global capitalism may not be sustainable. Fuck the planet, that's our ideology down the toilet! So science isn't the answer. Slogans and spin are the answer.

Pete | February 27, 2007, 9:24am | #

Your post fails to note that Spencer and Cristy were wrong about their satellite calculations for years and years. Only under great pressure did they relent and declare their error. Perhaps they are in a similar error now? Their track record is not good.

Walker | February 27, 2007, 9:32am | #

First there was that crappy Gore thread yesterday (market-based solutions are fine for us, but they make Gore a hypocrite). Now we have "science by press release" in which scientists are declared authorities without any discussion of their track record or how their observations stand up to peer review.

I thought this place was called "Reason". Clearly, when it comes to global warming, there is none.

DavidS | February 27, 2007, 9:33am | #

"a silent majority of scientists still think that global warming could end up falling anywhere between a real problem and a minor nuisance"

Which means the question is how best to respond to an inadequately understood, but potentially serious, risk...

Thomas Paine's Goiter | February 27, 2007, 9:40am | #


Which means the question is how best to respond to an inadequately understood, but potentially serious, risk...


Screech and wail.

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 9:45am | #

market-based solutions are fine for us, but they make Gore a hypocrite)

Nice word trickery there. Many of us advocate FREE market-based solutions. Gore's version of a "market" is a Stalinist based solution.

Also, you other guys need to stop worrying about butterflies and start worrying about killer bees!

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 9:49am | #

Unlike a lot of people I don't know enough about climate science to make an informed opinion either way.

I would agree though that what goes on in the atmosphere is probably far more complex than what can be described in a model.

bj | February 27, 2007, 9:52am | #

"a Stalinist based solution"

You wouldn't know a Stalinist from a pile of dog shit, you ignorant fuck.

joe | February 27, 2007, 9:54am | #

Spencer and Christy appear to be the honest, dissenting scientists that so many CEI/AEI PR shills always claim to be. I'm certainly not interested in conflating the two.

On the merits, yes, the planet has feedback mechanisms that undo dramatic climate shifts. Unfortunately, these include things like waiting for the effects of the dramtic climate shifts to wipe out whatever phenomenon is causing them, then spending several million years returning to ground state.

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 9:54am | #

bj,

Apparently I can identify one well enough. What is that on your shoe?

Warren | February 27, 2007, 9:54am | #

Of course the planet regulates temperature. I really don't see any room for debate on something so self-evident. But it's not a thermostat, it's a naturally evolved system. Ices ages are part of the regulatory process.

bj | February 27, 2007, 9:55am | #

Roy Spencer on other scientific matters:

In support of Intelligent design Spencer wrote in 2005 "Twenty years ago, as a PhD scientist, I intensely studied the evolution versus intelligent design controversy for about two years. And finally, despite my previous acceptance of evolutionary theory as "fact," I came to the realization that intelligent design, as a theory of origins, is no more religious, and no less scientific, than evolutionism. . . . In the scientific community, I am not alone. There are many fine books out there on the subject. Curiously, most of the books are written by scientists who lost faith in evolution as adults, after they learned how to apply the analytical tools they were taught in college." Wikipedia

SugarFree | February 27, 2007, 9:56am | #

What an exhausting conversation to keep having.

Global warming has become an article of faith to too many people to stop it with simple logic.


The Gorean Creed

We believe in Global Warming
the Sea-Raiser, the All-Powerful,
maker of tsunami and hurricane,
of all that is, seen and unseen.

We believe in one Cause, The Activities of Man,
the lowest of all creatures,
except the ones that are brown.

Gasses from Coal, not Recycling from Blight,
true Cause from true Gasoline,
made, not begotten,
of Driving when One Could Walk;
through Man all pollutions were made.

For us and for our salvation
Gore came down from heaven,
was incarnate of the Holy Nader
and the Virgin Chomsky
and became truly political.
For our sake he was un-elected
under Pontius Harris;
he suffered defeat and was retired.
On the third year he rose again
in accordance with the Documentatrians;
he ascended into Hollywood
and is seated at the right hand
of the Film Executives.
He will come again in glory
to judge the polluting and the recycling,
and his kingdom will have a biodegradable end.

We believe in Global Warming, the Destroyer,
and the taker of life,
who proceeds from the Car and the Industry,
who with the Suburbs and the Factory Farm
is worshiped and glorified,
by the prophets of GREED.
We believe in the scientists who agree with us
and our beliefs.
We accept the starvation of Billions,
for the forgiveness of environmental sins.
We look for the return to subsistence farming,
and the whole grain life of the world to come.

Amen.

joe | February 27, 2007, 10:06am | #

It's become an article of faith among some that recognizing the reality of global warming is not based on the science.

And no matter how conclusive the evidence becomes, no matter how certain the people in a position to understand the science become, nothing is going to shake the faith of the denialists.

Fortunately, there are relatively few of you left.

R C Dean | February 27, 2007, 10:07am | #

Err, Dean, if the planet self-regulates like Spencer claims then we wouldn't have had those ice ages. But we did, so he's wrong.

But the fact that we have had ice ages shows that some kind of feedback loop is keeping our temperature well below the greenhouse gas/solar radiation level.

And the fact that the ice ages and warm periods come and go indicate that something other than CO2 affects, which is to say "regulates", our weather.

C'mon, Lambert, the fact that he put the word "decides" in quotes shows that he is not meaning it in the Lovelockian Gaia-worshipping sense.

The rest of his comments shows a nicely scientific critique of the shortcomings of the global warming climate models, indicating that, wonder of wonder, people making careers out of predicting global warming tend to overstate its likely extent.

R C Dean | February 27, 2007, 10:08am | #

It's become an article of faith among some that recognizing the reality of global warming is not based on the science.

I would say just about everyone recognizes a warming trend is underway.

And its hardly the first one the planet has ever had.

Its the claimed explanation for it that some of us have a problem with. Try to keep that in mind, joe.

DavidS | February 27, 2007, 10:11am | #

Spencer's quite a humorist. Inspired by the Onion apparently: http://www.ecoenquirer.com/

de stijl | February 27, 2007, 10:22am | #

bj,

One of the most prominent scientists global warming nay-sayers (if the most prominent) is an ID guy? That's hilarious.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 10:23am | #

It seems that there are number of issues being conflated here.

(A) Is the Earth experiencing climate change (I really do not like the term "global warming")?

Yes. But that is hardly surprising given the history of this planet's climate.

(B) Is the change rapid in nature?

Probably no more rapid than some periods in the planet's history.

(C) Is it at least in part a result of man-made processes?

Probably. Though there are also likely other factors.

(D) What future problems (or benefits) can we expect from these changes?

This is where scientists seem to be all over the map.

joe | February 27, 2007, 10:25am | #

RC,

The scientists who have spent the last few years studying the issue for the IPCC report with over 90% certainty that the current warming trend cannot be explained without the contribution of man-made greenhouse gas emissions.

Whether you agree with the overwhelming majority of climate scientists or not, that's not "faith." There is solid evidence for the theory, far more than for the alternate theories, and simply dismissing the evidence and all of those who are convinced by it as "faith-based" is demonstrably untrue.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 10:31am | #

R.C. Dean,

Given our carbon output over the past two centuries it wouldn't be particularly surprising for our efforts to have some effect on the climate. I mean sure, we can't (as far as I know) directly measure that effect, however, you can make a number of sound inferences based on the climate history data (e.g., direct measurements, proxies, etc.) that we have.

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 10:32am | #

It's become an article of faith among some that recognizing the reality of global warming is not based on the science.

Well, I am not one of them. As I have mentioned many times here and other places, I know that the glaciers are still receeding every time I see a recent photo of Lake Michigan.

SugarFree | February 27, 2007, 10:34am | #

joe,

I don't deny the existence of Global Warming (out of deference to faith, I think it should be capitalized), I just refuse to see it as a moral or ethical failure on the part of the Western industrialized nations. I think it should be approached as a scientific problem, rather than proof of a decay in Gaian values.

Global warming is real. A good bit of evidence exists that human activity is the cause of it. But, from those two conclusions, all the prescriptions of environmentalism do not logically flow.

It's the obscene glee in blaming the West for Global Warming and the curious coincidence that the ONLY WAY to CURE the SIN of GLOBAL WARMING is to revert to exactly the agrarian lifestyle that has been advocated by fundamentalist deep ecology since the 1960s that makes me pause and doubt.

Global Warming is the answer to any critique of the deep ecology lifestyle or "up not out" urbanism. It's a stick to beat any one who doesn't want to live like they want them to.

biologist | February 27, 2007, 10:41am | #

Grotius:

nice summary

Art | February 27, 2007, 10:42am | #

Sugarfree
That was great. I see the non christian libertarians are on the string today. But the creed really does say it all.

Joe
You really are an idiot but you do keep things moving.

joe | February 27, 2007, 10:44am | #

Sugar Free,

Do you think Dr. Robert Hansen of NASA believes in a return to a medieval economy? Al Gore? Robert Reich?

How do you reconcile the environmentalist left's infatuation with advanced hydrogen, hybrid engine, wind, geothermal, and solar tehnology with your idea that global warming is a stalking horse for the "deep ecology" extremists?

You know, the Nazis concluded that smoking caused lung cancer, and did a pretty good job folding that discovery into their "social hygeine" theories. So what? Smoking really does cause cancer.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 10:48am | #

For those who are interested in talking about market-based solutions to global warming, you might want to check out this recent thread that I started at Jim Henley's place.

joe | February 27, 2007, 10:49am | #

"Roy Spencer on other scientific matters:

In support of Intelligent design Spencer wrote in 2005 "Twenty years ago, as a PhD scientist, I intensely studied the evolution versus intelligent design controversy for about two years. And finally, despite my previous acceptance of evolutionary theory as "fact," I came to the realization that intelligent design, as a theory of origins, is no more religious, and no less scientific, than evolutionism. . . ."

Dammit! This is why I rarely cut Bailey and the Very Respectable People he cites any slack. Every time I come out and give them the benefit of the doubt, I end up getting burned.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 10:52am | #

bioligist,

More than likely I left something out, but thanks. :)

____________________________

A few years ago I was a climate change skeptic. Then I did some studyin' and learnin' and changed my mind.

Anyway, these days it is really the prescription issue that should be the focus of debate.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 10:54am | #

joe,

Well, what he thinks of I.D. doesn't necessarily say anything about his skills as a climatologist.

Captain Holly | February 27, 2007, 11:04am | #

Dammit! This is why I rarely cut Bailey and the Very Respectable People he cites any slack. Every time I come out and give them the benefit of the doubt, I end up getting burned.

Oh, I see. So if someone believes, says or does something that some perceive to be at odds with science we can then ignore whatever he says or does? Is that the standard you're judging people by now, joe?

Because if so, that would mean that Mr. Gore has lost all credibility on the Global Warming issue because his actions are so clearly at odds with his stated beliefs.

I'm cool with that, because I've always thought Al was a pompous ass. I'm glad we can all ignore him now.

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 11:08am | #

Captain Holly,

Don't forget that Albert Gore, Jr. is also a Christian. Well, he is four weeks before an election when he is running for something and has to visit a 'black' Church.

joe | February 27, 2007, 11:09am | #

No, it doesn't, Grotius, but I'm just a layman. My ability to review his hard scientific work in the field of climatology is limited. I'm basically being asked to give credence to the idea that a very idiosynchratic stance like Hansen's should be treated as if it poses a significant problem for the overwhelming scientific consensus.

If I'm asked to take seriously someone who is so outside of the scientific mainstream, and who is aligned with a political movement that stands out for its intellectual dishonesty and ideological aversion to evidence, that mofo better be like Caesar's wife. The fact that he's an IDer, and worse, that he states that his application of scientific principles led him to reject "evolutionism" (a made up word by a political movement) in favor of "Intelligent Design" (another made-up word by a political movement) throws up all sorts of red flags.

If a significant number of scientists who don't have red flags sticking out all over their bodies start saying that Spencer's work poses a real problem for our understanding of global warming, I'll start paying attention. The guy with the mimeographed flyers at the subway station might be right, too, but I'm not going to take the shopping cart lady's word for it.

SugarFree | February 27, 2007, 11:10am | #

joe,

I didn't say that they wanted that. I don't think most of the reverends want that, but once they've converted everyone, it's easy enough to pontificate about lifestyle choice. That's when the radicals will slide under the door.

I like to make the religion analogy because they have such a holier than thou attitude about it all.

"I drive a hybrid, I'm so much better then you gas guzzlers."

"You drive a hybrid? I'm all electric, you must be some sort of monster."

"You have a car? I ride my bike everywhere."

"You ride a bike made in a factory? I whittled mine out of wood."

"You cut down a tree to make a bike? I made mine out of driftwood."

"You don't walk everywhere?"

As for alternative energy sources, I think environmentalists like them for their inefficiencies. It will take decades for alternative energy sources to rival the energy density of carbon, decades the reverends can use to spread envrioluddism. If they were serious about alternative energy, pebble-bed reactors or solar energy satellites would be on the table (or at least discussed more).

Oh, and I don't get to work by riding a cigarette.

(Sorry, I know that was flip... at least I didn't scream GODWIN...)

joe | February 27, 2007, 11:11am | #

Captain Holly,

Non sequitor much?

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 11:14am | #

There are scientists who happen to be creationists but also do good work in other fields because they compartmentalize.

But if somebody adopts the same role in multiple fields he isn't compartmentalizing. And if he's ridiculously wrong in one of those fields (e.g. offering the standard creationist arguments), well, he loses some credibility.

And if it turns out that some of his more significant work in his professional specialty was wrong as well, then perhaps he loses credibility.

The fact that he loses credibility doesn't mean a priori that people who adopt similar positions are wrong, but it does mean that they need to find a more credible source. And yes, credibility does matter. If you're talking about something very technical you'll always need to place a certain amount of trust in the person offering the scientific arguments, because you aren't in his specialty. You could say "Well, instead of trusting, why not see if his predictions match data, and if others replicate it?" That's exactly right, but you still need a credible expert to interpret the data and see if they match predictions. Data is rarely unambiguous, there are always technical issues to sort out, and only an expert can tell you whether a correction to the data is something innocuous (e.g. allowing for systematic features of the instrument) or something more shady.

Bottom line: If I want to challenge the conventional wisdom in a field, I'm going to find a credible expert to back me up.

joe | February 27, 2007, 11:14am | #

SugarFree,

It must be quite a relief to you that pissing contests about ideological purity are wholly unknown to libertarians.

"As for alternative energy sources, I think environmentalists like them for their inefficiencies."

Your entire position rests on your feelings about how your opponents must really feel.

thwap | February 27, 2007, 11:20am | #

"If the planet really is heating up from human activity, global capitalism may not be sustainable. Fuck the planet, that's our ideology down the toilet! So science isn't the answer."

But capitalism could turn out to be part of the answer to global warming. What helped us out of the oil crisis in the 70s? At least in part it was the introduction of the Japanese car into American markets. I suspect it will be new technologies and markets for those technologies which will be part of the toolkit that's going to help us stave off global warming. This is one reason trying to "slow down capitalism" might be counterproductive. I guess it depends though on exactly what 'slow down' will mean and how 'capitalism' is interpreted. Development of agricultural products that lead to greater yields, and thus saves land for forests, could be part of the global capitalist process we don't want to slow down if we want to stave off global warming. For just one example. Another would be some of the technologies and markets for those that joe mentioned earlier.

joe's Left Shoulder Leprchaun | February 27, 2007, 11:23am | #

YES IT DOES!!! RON BAILEY IS EVIL!!!

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:24am | #

joe,

...like Hansen's...

I thought that we discussing Spencer's work?

If I'm asked to take seriously someone who is so outside of the scientific mainstream...

I don't know that he is.

...and who is aligned with a political movement that stands out for its intellectual dishonesty and ideological aversion to evidence...

I don't if he is or isn't aligned with any political movement.

Anyway, to my knowledge there is no scientific consensus when it comes to what I identified as the "prediction" issue. Indeed that maybe why the IPCC's numbers fall within a range.

joe's Left Shoulder Leprchaun | February 27, 2007, 11:24am | #

...in reference to Grotius @10:54

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:28am | #

One of the things that should caution us about climate change predictions is the predictions we see in other areas of human life. Indeed, I think it isn't unreasonable to assume that the farther away in time the prediction is and the complex the nature of the system which is the focus of that prediction the less likely that prediction will come true.

ed | February 27, 2007, 11:29am | #

The tectonic plate beneath California is moving north. Eventually California will have arctic weather conditions. What the hell are we going to do about that?

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:30am | #

My second variable should be something like "the greater the complexity of the system...."

joe | February 27, 2007, 11:33am | #

Grotius,

Oops. Spencer, not Hansen.

His statements about the level of inaccuracy in the models, and therefore the inaccuracy of the predictions in the IPCC report, put him somewhat outside the scientific mainstream.

"I don't if he is or isn't aligned with any political movement." I could have phrased that better. How about "...and who's arguments are used to advance a position advocated by a political movement that stands out for its intellectual dishonesty and aversion to evidence..."

Anyway, the range itself is a consensus position. In this case, the consensus is that predictions can only be made to a certian degree of precision.

Lurker Kurt | February 27, 2007, 11:34am | #

If they were serious about alternative energy, pebble-bed reactors or solar energy satellites would be on the table (or at least discussed more).

Yes, where are the protests by environmentalists demanding the streamlining of design, licensing and building of new nuclear plants or the doubling of NASA's budget to make solar power satellites to power all the electric cars that should replace our gas guzzlers?

thwap | February 27, 2007, 11:34am | #

"Indeed, I think it isn't unreasonable to assume that the farther away in time the prediction is and the complex the nature of the system which is the focus of that prediction the less likely that prediction will come true."

Sure, as we have no idea of what sorts of new inventions we'll come up with in the future as well as the spin-offs from those inventions and so on. We don't know how our new efforts and technologies will affect the environment or what approaches we'll have when that happens. Other sorts of future social and environmental conditions are impossible to factor in when there are so many unknow possibilities that could take place.

SugarFree | February 27, 2007, 11:35am | #

joe,

You can never know how your opponents feel, you can only judge them by their actions and reactions. Smug comes off them like stink lines off a cartoon skunk. (Of course, burning straw men does add to Global Warming, probably.)

As for libertarian pissing contests, yes they are fairly stupid. Wow, ideological individualists who can't agree... joe, you cut me to the quick.

As for the semantics of Global Warming versus Climate Change... I'll stick with Global Warming... I like the irony of the reverends bitching about it when it's really cold outside.

Art | February 27, 2007, 11:35am | #

Al Gore's $30,000 a year electric bill.
http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=nation_world&id=5072659
But don't worry because he buys carbon offsets (penace) to make up the difference.

Once again:
Warm = Good
Cold = Bad
Really cold = really f***ing Bad

When everyone pushing AGW wants me to pay for something or give something up and then pay for it, I can't see it as anything other than the largest scam ever conceived.

Oh and by the way many scientists are Christians. In fact there was a time that most scientists were Christians. I'm not sure why being Christian makes you less of a scientist or anything else. (Point from the Christian libertarian lobby)

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:36am | #

joe,

Wow, apparently I've become your leprechaun!

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 11:38am | #

Oh and by the way many scientists are Christians. In fact there was a time that most scientists were Christians. I'm not sure why being Christian makes you less of a scientist or anything else. (Point from the Christian libertarian lobby)

All this time I was under the impression that I was the lone Christian libertarian!

My Cl philosophy is: I am saved and I don't care if you are going to hell.

Kinda like my socially liberal philosophy, but different.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:41am | #

thwap,

One of the things that Bastiat discussed was the forestalling of options created by government actions. That doesn't mean that all government actions are inappropriate, it does mean that one should be very cautious in their use. So yeah, maybe a government created carbon market might not be a bad idea, but mandating specific technologies, etc. not so much.

Steven Crane | February 27, 2007, 11:42am | #

These global warming threads are always stupid.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:42am | #

Guy Montag,

So what about the "Great Commission?"

de stijl | February 27, 2007, 11:43am | #

Christian != ID believer

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 11:43am | #

Yeah, maybe they are stupid, Steven, but are you suggesting that you can make better threads?

:)

VM | February 27, 2007, 11:45am | #

"Steven Crane | February 27, 2007, 11:42am | #
These global warming threads are always stupid."

Yes, but when you're here, they're at least fun...

@Grotius | February 27, 2007, 10:23am :

that's a great summary - as you note, it's not exhaustive, but it's a good start! very nice!

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 11:45am | #

Grotis,

So what about the "Great Commission?"

If someone else told them about Jesus and they didn't listen then I am just wasting my time.

Moving along, nothing to see here.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 11:48am | #

Guy Montag,

Yes, but perhaps you'll be the one to plant the mustard seed! ;)

Captain Holly | February 27, 2007, 12:01pm | #

Non sequitor much?

Speaking of non sequiturs, have you tried to follow your comments in this tread?

:- | February 27, 2007, 12:14pm | #

OK, I'll be the rational one here. Most "disasters" take place in minutes or hours. They are often unexpected and random. And yet we deal with them. Things always get back to normal. People adjust. Now we are threatened with another "disaster" that will occur, the "experts" tell us, not in a day or week, not out of the blue, but exceedingly slowly, over centuries. It will happen so slowly that no one will notice. Mankind will have been adjusting all along, just as it always has, over the millennia. So am I worried? No. And you shouldn't be either. Unless you view mankind as unthinking, irrational brutes. All mankind except yourself, of course.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 12:29pm | #

joe-

No, it doesn't, Grotius, but I'm just a layman. My ability to review his hard scientific work ...

Oh, well then, let me help you out. I 'do' computer modeling of very complicated dynamical systems. All models have these limitations. The models I use are grounded in exhaustively studied and very well understood systems, and have very well understood limitations and approximations. Climate modelers are in the unenviable position of working with more complicates, opaque, non-equilibrium phenomena. I commend their work, but Spencer's criticism is valid. And it's one very few seem willing to discuss, well, I guess until recently. I see this 90% thrown around. It's most certainly pulled directly from someone's ass; I guess "more likely than not" isn't as dramatic. From my vast and expert opinion of computer models - the state of the art in my particular field (once again, better understood than climate) gives "more likely than not" precision with soft upper and lower bounds on observable phenomena. And I'm lucky. I can compare my results with a statistically meaningful sample of experimental measure

Oh, and I tend to agree that the ID thing is a bit worrisome.

John P | February 27, 2007, 12:29pm | #

I'm a physicist, and I agree with Steven Crane. This thread has no relevance to intelligent debate on climate change and CO2. RealClimate.org is a thousand times more intelligent and scientific. I question the use of the term "reason" here, and I question the climate-change denialist's motives.

Yes, we should be building pebble-bed reactors. High-speed electrified rail would be good for the country, too. We're a nation in denial about the coming permanent energy crisis.

biologist | February 27, 2007, 12:31pm | #

the major planetary extinction events are estimated to have taken place over thousands of years, even if you can point to a single disaster that instigated the extinctions. the climate change models could be predicting a threshhold event for a disaster.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 12:31pm | #

The part of my comment that was cut from above ... "And I'm lucky. I can compare my results with a statistically meaningful sample of experimental measurement, which still gives a less than satisfactory understanding of the overall predictive value of a given model."

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 12:37pm | #

John P,

And here I thought I was writing something at least partly intelligent. ;)

MikeP | February 27, 2007, 12:44pm | #

I question the climate-change denialist's motives.

We're a nation in denial about the coming permanent energy crisis.

You throw in the completely irrelevant issue of "the coming permanent energy crisis" -- an issue, I might add, that would automatically throttle down global warming -- and you wonder about the "climate-change denialist's" motives?

I'll tell you their motives: They are scared to death that massive changes to the western way of life and the effective impoverishment of their grandchildren are being smuggled in under the guise of saving the planet. Your throwaway line about a permanent energy crisis doesn't help mollify the concern.

Art | February 27, 2007, 12:51pm | #

physicist = clueless

JasonL | February 27, 2007, 12:52pm | #

Umm. We have a lot of fire and brimstone over a guy who, at the end of the day, has proposed warming within current model bounds. If the difference in policy depends on the warming difference postulated by this guy and the median predicted by the models, that just indicates clearly that the error bars are too large to make any expensive commitments.

It doesn't matter who this guy is, only that he is within the self accepted error of those he disagrees with. You want him out of the discussion? Get models with narrower error margins.

joe | February 27, 2007, 1:11pm | #

pigwiggle,

No one is arguing that climate models are unerringly accurate and precise. The climatologists who use them, and who make predictions based on their results, certianly don't. That's why they typically provide their estimates in the form of a range.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 1:25pm | #

It doesn't matter who this guy is, only that he is within the self accepted error of those he disagrees with. You want him out of the discussion? Get models with narrower error margins.

In regard to the scientific and policy questions you are pretty much spot on.

In regard to the overall quality of science writing "for a magazine called 'Reason'" (drink!), some of us are kind of like "WTF? Of all the scientists out there you chose to quote the one who's also a creationist?"

joe | February 27, 2007, 1:32pm | #

Christian? What does that have to do with anything?

Not all Christians are Creationists, and if you believe IDers, their position has nothing - nothing! - to do with religious faith, but is based on science.

If Spencer had come out with "I believe in the Genesis account of creation, and reject evolution, because it is my faith. It has nothing to do with my work as a scientist," that would be one thing. But he didn't. He said that the applicaiton of his reasoning skills, and use of the scientific method, led him to believe in Intelligent Design.

That doesn't speak well of his reason and ability to apply the scientifid method.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 1:34pm | #

joe-
No one is arguing that climate models are unerringly accurate and precise. The climatologists who use them, and who make predictions based on their results, certianly don't. That's why they typically provide their estimates in the form of a range.

Well, not exactly. If you are talking about the ranges of climate sensitivity given in the IPCC - those are based on the differences between the 'in fashion' models. And any specific model can certainly give you a measure of error for any given calculated property, that is, the likelihood of calculating a given quantity with the same model used in the same way (the error of the simulated measurement). Neither has anything to do with the relation between the simulated measurement and the True value. This is the interesting measure of error and is unfortunately unknowable. And also very different than any ranges you see reported.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 1:46pm | #

thoreau,

I'm not going to defend I.D., but there is no evidence that the fellow is a "creationist" in the sense that term is generally used (i.e., young earth creationist).

Anyway, here is the article that the quote is drawn from; the fellow is apparently skeptical of macroevolution: http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=080805I

de stijl | February 27, 2007, 1:48pm | #

The Coalition of the Shilling got a little black eye today with that ID thing.

(Admission: I posted that just so I could use the Coalition of the Shilling phrase.)

Guy Montag | February 27, 2007, 1:52pm | #

Christian? What does that have to do with anything?

Not all Christians are Creationists, and if you believe IDers, their position has nothing - nothing! - to do with religious faith, but is based on science.


Calm down joe. Go see the other thread. You and your friends have convinced me to embrace this voluntary carbon management idea lead by Albert Gore Jr.

I have so embraced it that I am now content with my electric range, rather than dreaming of a gas line piped into my place. I have even abandoned my idea of converting my hybrid 1972 Dodge Charger to steam power.

Happy now?

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 1:53pm | #

joe,

Probably a better way of saying it is this way:

Not all Christians are Young Earth Creationists. Clearly all (most?) Christians* are creationists.

*Who the heck is a Christian has of course been the subject of debate since perhaps the death of Christ (whenever that was - 60 BCE? 33 CE?).

Ron Bailey | February 27, 2007, 3:36pm | #

Hi all: Late to the parade here--was at a conference on whether or not terminal patients should have access to drugs not yet approved by the FDA until now.

Spencer and ID -- He's wrong.

Spencer and Temperature -- lots of peer reviewed articles and nearly 30 years of experience in the field. As one commenter noted--his views are well within the "consensus" -- As I take it he inteprets the empirical data as suggesting that the increase in global temps are likely to be at the low end of the consensus range. As for correcting their old data, Spencer and Christy did, which is what scientists are supposed to do, right?

But still, ID? Aw crap!

uncle sam | February 27, 2007, 4:03pm | #

Patrick J. Michaels has this to say:
http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8021

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:06pm | #

Ron-

Yep, correcting data (well, more accurately, correcting the analysis of the raw data) is fine.

There's nothing wrong with being a hold-out who's reluctant to revisit the original analysis. Data should be re-analyzed if/when an error is spotted, not just because the result is anomalous. Doing the re-analysis and publishing it is a sign of honesty.

Still, when somebody was a hold-out in his field, then moves to the far end of the consensus, then turns out to be a crank in regard to another field, well, it's a questionable track record. In the end, of course, it's results and replication that matter. But when trying to work one's way through a controversy, when trying to make sense of things in the midst of that process, credibility does matter. The reality is that even practicing scientists, in working their way through a problem, have to take some experts at their word, i.e. pick collaborators with skills that we lack and trust their work. Now, the continuance of that trust is conditional on their work checking out, but we begin the process by looking at credibility and qualifications. We don't just latch onto the first collaborator who says "Oh, I know something about this!"

I'm not saying you just latched onto him. I'm mostly addressing the question of whether we should even care about credibility (which runs the risk of being a self-reinforcing consensus) or instead just look at replication. Replication is indeed the ultimate test over the long time horizon, but in a period where results are up in the air (or at least up in the air within some range of values), credibility is a useful tool for navigating uncertainty. (Although trust must be tempered with skepticism.)

The Real Bill | February 27, 2007, 4:12pm | #

Do any other people here trained in science have a problem with the term "consensus"? To me, it is a political term, not a scientific term. How about the "90% confidence" claim from the people who didn't bother to verify the "hockey stick" graph, which turned out to be bogus. Why should I trust these people. If your showcase piece of "evidence" (scare quotes because models are not scientific evidence; they are educated speculation) turns out to be bogus, I'm going to have a hard time giving you the benefit of the doubt. Personally, I don't see how anyone can have a good idea of what's going to happen. We simply are not smart or knowledgeable enough.

And fuck you all for calling skeptics deniers (you know who you are). Stop being sheep and fucking think for yourself! If you aren't skeptical of these wild claims, you obviously are far too credulous. The "consensus" may be right, but "90% confidence" is basically a guess. It's still a long way from proven fact. When I see real scientific evidence, I'll immediately lose most if not all of my skepticism, but, for now, I'll stay skeptical as I was trained to be.

The Real Bill | February 27, 2007, 4:15pm | #

Still, when somebody was a hold-out in his field, then moves to the far end of the consensus, then turns out to be a crank in regard to another field, well, it's a questionable track record.

Dr. T, you know damn well that Newton was a freaking religious nutcase. Was his science suspect because he was a crank?

joe | February 27, 2007, 4:21pm | #

"Still, when somebody was a hold-out in his field, then moves to the far end of the consensus, then turns out to be a crank in regard to another field, well, it's a questionable track record."

It doesn't make his work wrong, btw. That's for the scientists to review and figure out.

But when a layman like me is asked to believe that there is a major flaw with the overwhelming consensus position of the vast majority of the scientists in the field, well, you'd better not roll out some weirdo.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:23pm | #

Do any other people here trained in science have a problem with the term "consensus"?

It's a short-hand for "Range of conclusions supported by the bulk of the published data."

Dr. T, you know damn well that Newton was a freaking religious nutcase. Was his science suspect because he was a crank?

As I understand it, Newton's religious nuttery mostly pertained to things that (at the time) were not amenable to experimental investigation. He wasn't always right about science, but at least in the early part of his career he wasn't questioning experimentally (or observationally) validated theories on religious grounds. He kept the science and religion separate (at least in the most active stage of his career) and had a track record of either being right or at least being wrong on tough questions.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 4:24pm | #

The Real Bill,

I almost brought up Newton denying the trinity, etc. a couple of times in this discussion but decided not to. Anyway, as far as I know most of his religious oriented worked happened after he had some sort of break, indeed after his work on optics, etc.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:25pm | #

But when a layman like me is asked to believe that there is a major flaw with the overwhelming consensus position of the vast majority of the scientists in the field, well, you'd better not roll out some weirdo.

As an analogy, I have some concerns about the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics. Mind you, I'm not convinced that my colleagues are wrong, I'm open to the possibility that the misunderstanding is mine, but I have some questions.

When dealing with this matter, I generally cite J.S. Bell, not some guy who thinks that the whole universe is just, like, an electron in some other atom.

joe | February 27, 2007, 4:27pm | #

The Real Bill,

People who eagerly swallow statements that cast doubt on global warming, but who reflexively dismiss the much larger body of evidence in favor of global warming, are not "skeptics." They're deniers.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 4:29pm | #

The Real Bill,

Also, his alchemical work fit right in with the times.

Indeed, modern science has much to thank folks like John Dee for, yet he was an occultist as well as being a mathematician and astronomer.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 4:32pm | #

Do any other people here trained in science have a problem with the term "consensus"?

Yes. It's just a variant of the old appeal to authority. My PhD advisor would pull your ears off if your explanation for doing this or that was some big name did the same thing. Replace big name with two not so big names, or a hundred nobodies and you have the same stupid reason. He got the habit from his advisor who, coincidentally, was a nobel laureate in chemistry. I guess it's hard to appeal to authority when arguing with one. Anyway, laymen (read politicos) don't generally understand the machinations of science. A whole lot of scientific census rise and fall, it's what's let in the end that matters. Problem is, if the consensus is that we have a catastrophic problem, how long do you wait for certainty? There needs to be a very careful balance between the potential damage of the problem, that harm of the cure, and the veracity of the evidence. Good luck.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 4:37pm | #

When dealing with this matter, I generally cite J.S. Bell, not some guy who thinks that the whole universe is just, like, an electron in some other atom.

Or, you know, those quacks Podolsky, Rosen, and what's his name.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:38pm | #

Oh, come on, I've always taken consensus to mean "Range of conclusions supported by the bulk of experimental data." I was always taught that questioning the consensus is fine (indeed, the best part of my thesis basically found a loophole in the consensus on a particular matter), you'd just better make sure that you've investigated thoroughly before disregarding so many other experiments and calculations. It isn't about authority, it's about the accumulation of evidence.

joe | February 27, 2007, 4:40pm | #

If the existence of the consensus was offered as evidence that global warming is real, that would be an appeal to authority.

Because these scientists believe global warming is happening, it is true.

But that's not happening. The evidence that global warming is happening is found in the millions of pages of data and information those scientists have produced, and the relative paucity of countervailing data and information.

The consensus is brought up merely to point out how incredibly lopsided the state of the data is.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:43pm | #

EDIT: Maybe it would be better to say that I found an exception to a major (and accepted, i.e. validated) result, because I considered a case that had not been previously investigated. A "loophole" in the "consensus" is poor phrasing.

Anyway, I have no problem with using the word "consensus" as a short-hand for "the range of conclusions consistent with the bulk of the published data." It isn't about authority, it's about evidence. If almost every experiment and calculation reaches approximately the same number but you get a different number, you'd better make sure you understand what was going on in those other investigations before concluding that you have found something that's new and correct. Those other pieces of work are evidence, and you can't just disregard evidence, you need to understand it and understand the source of discrepancies before you reach a different conclusion.

biologist | February 27, 2007, 4:48pm | #

thoreau:

are you familiar with Bayes' Theorem? do you use statistical analysis in your research?

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:50pm | #

My PhD advisor would pull your ears off if your explanation for doing this or that was some big name did the same thing.

Actually, there is one very good reason for doing things that others have done: To facilitate comparisons.

While every investigation should address some new point, there will be similarities between your work and somebody else's work. If feasible, it can be good to use the same computational tools as other people, or use most of the same experimental techniques, so that any novel discovery you make can be attributed to the specific variables that you changed or new elements that you introduced. Otherwise, one could always wonder whether your results are an artifact of a non-standard technique.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 4:54pm | #

biologist-

I rarely use statistical analysis. That may sound strange, but physicists generally study systems where we can address many variables, so we don't use the t-tests and all the other things that other scientists do. It's more about seeing whether the result fits a curve or something. And in our theories we're usually calculating distributions rather than p-values.

But yes, I am familiar with Bayes' Theorem, and I'm not suggesting that we should bias our results with a popularity-driven prior or anything like that.

I'm just saying that quibbling over the word "consensus" is missing the point. If I put forward a result that challenges lots of other investigations, and somebody says "Well, what about those other calculations and experiments that have been done?" I can't just accuse my critic of appealing to authority. He's bringing forward data, not just authority, and I have to be able to identify the differences between my work and the other pieces of work, so I can explain which result is most applicable to the question at hand.

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 4:56pm | #

thoreau,

It isn't about authority, it's about the accumulation of evidence.

In the short term at least it is often about authority. Indeed authority and the sorts of behavior that humans are prone to will block out evidence (at least again over the short term).

Grotius | February 27, 2007, 4:58pm | #

Of course there are pluses as well as minuses to the often status driven and just as often conservative nature of science.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 5:00pm | #

how do you determine if your empirical results adequately match the theoretical curve?

"I'm not suggesting that we should bias our results with a popularity-driven prior or anything like that"

actually, that's what I was going to suggest.

biologist | February 27, 2007, 5:01pm | #

oops, that was me, addressing thoreau. sorry about that.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 5:04pm | #

how do you determine if your empirical results adequately match the theoretical curve?

R^2, chi^2, stuff like that. To be honest, as a theoretician I don't have to fit many experimental results to curves. Indeed my latest work doesn't even deal with fitting to curves. The systems aren't really amenable to highly detailed and quantitative investigations, so I deal with qualitative results: Are most of the molecules found over here or over there? When you change a rate constant does the gradient become larger or smaller? Is the gradient larger for this molecule or that molecule? Stuff like that. Those are the only questions that can be easily addressed experimentally, so those are the sorts of results that I try to get from my calculations.

biologist | February 27, 2007, 5:06pm | #

ok, so you are using stats: regression and chi-square.

pigwiggle | February 27, 2007, 5:20pm | #

It isn't about authority, it's about the accumulation of evidence.

Yeah, I don't think so. When most folks talk about consensus in the context of anthropogenic global warming what they are saying is that most of the people who know better than I do (the scientific community) believe it. And when we are talking about public policy that's good enough. People doing the science obviously can't get away with that. What troubles me, though, is that activist type folks are using the scientific consensus as a rhetorical point, like "most scientists believe in man made GW so it is a fact and we should do X". Policy should be based on on the consequences of the problem (for which there is a consensus), the ills of the policy, and the veracity of the evidence for the problem (which is unconcerned with consensus). It doesn't seem that many folks want to consider the last bit. It's like "the models are flawed, so do nothing", or "there is a scientific consensus so anthropogenic GW is fact". That's all I'm getting at.

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 5:32pm | #

pigwiggle-

It may very well be that the evidence on some key points is all over the map and hence there is no "consensus" in the manner that I was using the term above. That is a perfectly valid point to raise.

What was getting me was the arguments that the notion of a consensus is somehow 180 degrees opposed to the conduct of good science. It isn't. There's nothing wrong with looking at a large body of fairly consistent evidence and taking that as a given during an investigation, as long as you are open to reconsidering that assumption if your results cannot be reconciled with the assumptions. I do that every day and you do too, I'm sure.

I think that saying "there is a consensus in favor of [insert conclusion here]" is different than just saying "there is data in favor of..." There's lots of data out there about all sorts of things, and a cherry-picking of it can support almost any hypothesis. A "consensus", as I've understood it, refers to a conclusion (or range of similar conclusions) consistent with a large body of experimental results.

I'm not sure that "consensus" is the best word for that situation, I'd be fine with a better word. "Theory" might be better, but too many people equate "theory" with "wild-ass speculation." (See: creationists)

In any case, I'd rather critique the available studies and whether they are consistent, rather than say "Look! He said 'consensus'! He's only interested in popularity!"

The Real Bill | February 27, 2007, 6:00pm | #

Wow, good points by both pigwiggle and thoreau. I'm still in pigwiggle's camp, though--consensus is a BS term with respect to science. A recent example (late 80s to today): The Cosmological Constant. When I began studying physics, it was considered at best a fudge factor, at worst, a goof or mathematical artifact or something. This was the "consensus" view. Later, people started thinking it might have a real meaning. Now, it's all the rage. Science is about proof, period. Consensus is nothing but a lot of people with a belief, and we all know how often beliefs are disproven. (Or maybe we all don't know this; the "memory hole" is quite big for some.)

joe, I won't even bother to discuss this issue with you at all. Everything you think you "know" about this issue is just recycled media BS. I'm not insulting you; I'm sure you know a lot of things about which I'm ignorant. I am not a denier. I'm a skeptic. I think I believe that warming is happening, but the degree to which humans are causing it is not known, no matter what the IPCC says. And I say believe about warming because measuring global average temperature accurately is far, far more difficult than you've been led to believe. And even if it becomes extremely accurate, the data from the past is seriously suspect, or at best, incomplete. Seriously, how does any self-respecting scientist just take this data as a given? If I had to bet, I'd bet that most real scientists have far more doubts than they express. Most people don't want to rock the boat. Most people, unlike me, actually care what other people think about them. (Okay, I do care whether certain people think I'm a decent person or not, but I never just agree so that I can "get along.")

The Real Bill | February 27, 2007, 6:07pm | #

I should say that maybe my standard of proof is too high. I just saw, in a rather short time, so much damn politics in science that it made me sick (and a lot of sexism, too, but that's another story). The discussions on how to word a grand proposal for the big $$$ was enough to make me distrust even scientists (and there are no professions more trustworthy than the physical sciences).

As fictional character Greg House says, "Everybody lies."

thoreau | February 27, 2007, 6:08pm | #

Real Bill, I don't like getting hung up on a word. If "consensus" means "Most popular opinion" then yeah, it's BS. OTOH, if it means "A set of similar conclusions drawn from the bulk of the experimental data", i.e. a consensus of people analyzing data, then it can mean something. Rather than getting hung up when somebody says "consensus", I'd rather ask "What is this consensus based on?" It gets us back to the realm of evidence, which is where you want to go, but it keeps us clear of pedantic disputes.

The Real Bill | February 27, 2007, 6:08pm | #

"grand proposal"--I previewed, yet that Freudian slip still made it through (although grand is way too small).

Paul | February 27, 2007, 6:08pm | #

I guess those Ice Ages never happened...

Or were they ever reversed, either. The planet does in fact, get colder or warmer at many different times throughout history, even without human interference.

What spencer is talking about are the complex feedback mechanisms on the earth, variables that most models are weak on, or don't take into account altogeth