Louisville's Filing About the Drive-In Church Service TRO
You can read here their motion to dissolve the temporary restraining order and response to the On Fire Christian Center's motion for a preliminary injunction; I also excerpt the key parts below—as you'll see, the City mostly argues that,
- Drive-in services are indeed forbidden by the Governor's shutdown order.
- Such a shutdown would be constitutional.
- But the Mayor was not threatening to enforce the order against drive-in services, but just asking people not to hold them.
- Drive-in services do indeed pose a substantial risk for spreading coronavirus, especially given how this church has conducted them recently (see these photos, on which the City relies, and which had apparently been published by the Courier-Journal).
There has been no legal response from the Center yet, but there was an affidavit from the Center's pastor, swearing that Sunday's service was "consistent with CDC guidelines," and everyone was instructed to (1) park their cars at least six feet apart, (2) remain in the car for the entire service (underlined), and (3) keep car windows at least half way up for the entire service. The only people allowed to be outside their cars were the pastor, the videographer, and security personnel, and the pastor and videographer said they would "remain a very safe distance from your cars."
Here is the heart of the City's argument; I plan to blog more after the telephonic hearing, which is about to start:
Plaintiff's affidavit from Chuck Salvo, Pastor of On Fire Christian Center, upon which this Court relied, was misleading and inaccurate. The attached photographs published in the Courier Journal and contained on-line establish that On Fire Christian Center's previous drive-in services have violated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's interim guidance with respect to faith-based organizations. See Photographs attached as compiled Exhibit 1. In fact, these photos show the exact dangers of these drive-in services the Mayor hoped to prevent with his public urging on April 9, 2020. The congregants of On Fire gathering within six feet of each other, elbow bumping, dangerously hanging out of car windows, and passing the collection basket…
[1.] THERE IS NO ORDER FROM MAYOR FISCHER TO ENJOIN.
Plaintiff's Motion did not contest that mass gatherings are prohibited by the March 19, 2020 Order … that was issued by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services … and signed by the Governor's designee, Eric Friedlander. Plaintiff did not contest the fact that faith-based services are a mass gathering subject to the prohibition. Plaintiff did not contest the authority of the Cabinet and Governor Beshear to pass such an order prohibiting mass gatherings.
Plaintiff solely relies on an April 6, 2020 press conference with Governor Beshear to establish their right to conduct a drive-in church service. See Andy Beshear, Gov. Beshear on drive-in church services: 'Stay inside your car,' Lexington Herald-Ledger (Apr. 6, 2020). The press conference does not authorize any drive-in church services but provides guidance to ensure such a drive-in service may be held without further enforcement of the ban of mass gatherings. However, of significant importance here, Governor Beshear explicitly states in this very press conference that due to Louisville's density, the Governor fully supports the Mayor's recommendation to cancel drive-in, faith-based services in Louisville. Only in areas that are less dense than Louisville does the Governor extend the work-around guidance on holding a drive-in service. See Exhibit 2, copy of the March 19, 2020 Order, which forbids mass gatherings, including faith-based services.
One of Mayor Fischer's major responsibilities during Kentucky's State of Emergency is to "enforce all laws and administrative regulations relating to disaster and emergency response and to direct all local disaster and emergency response forces and operations in the affected county, city, urban-county, or charter county[.]" During the State of Emergency, Louisville Metro devoted its 311-phone number, a number otherwise used for complaints about potholes and other government related matters, to receive reports from the community of alleged violations of COVID-19 orders. Louisville Metro's Health Department developed a method to track and investigate the allegations related to violations of mass gatherings, non-essential business openings, and failure to practice social distancing, to name a few. These calls have resulted in the issuance of sixteen Notice-Orders for the cessation of violations and no criminal citations, even though its permissible enforcement under KRS 39A.180…. None of the Notice-Orders have been against the Plaintiff even though, according to Pastor Chuck Salvo's affidavit, paragraph 9, On Fire has been holding services since the March 19 Order.
Despite the Mayor's powers to enforce the March 19 Order and to issue his own more stringent order under KRS 39B.070(2), he did not do so. Instead, Mayor Fischer took to the radio and a live-stream internet program to plead with the community not to engage in mass gatherings, including drive-in church services. The Plaintiff offers nothing but the strong statements from a passionate and reasoned Mayor to support its misplaced allegation that Louisville Metro has infringed on its constitutional rights.
[2.] THE MAYOR'S COMMENTS ARE AND WERE APPROPRIATE UNDER KENTUCKY LAW.
… During the 4 pm [non-scripted daily video] briefing on April 9, 2020, Mayor Fisher stated to the public that individuals who attend church services in person or who attend drive-in services would be in violation of the March 19 Order. The Mayor's comments were made to strongly discourage churches from holding in-person services on Easter Sunday. While sentences of his non-scripted commentary have been taken out of context and quoted by the Plaintiff to allege government infringement on its constitutional rights, a review of the entire conversation is helpful to understand that his remarks were made simply to encourage folks to stay home. Here are Mayor Fischer's material comments from the April 9 briefing, which begins with about 38:28 left in the recording:
"And what we do know, is the more we stay home, the less the chance for the virus to spread. That's why we know social distancing is working. That's why these spikes are coming down. So please stay home today, tomorrow, and every day. And what I have to say that, too, especially now, this very special week we are in, the Holy Week for Christians. Passover started last night for our Jewish brothers and sisters. And so this is a really hard time, right now. People, with their Easter celebrations – there are so many family traditions tied up with Our Easter traditions. People are out celebrating. They are worshipping together, having brunches. Used to having Easter egg hunts. Used to having all your family members together. Having good times. Loving on our family members; and seeing that family member that you hadn't seen in a year or so and just catching up on what's going on with each other. I understand that this is really difficult for people right now. We are asking them to keep the faith. And what we are doing with the community social distancing, because its working. So we really have to do that. Another call out to all of our houses of worship. We are saying that you cannot have services. We are not allowing drive-thru services as well. We are doing all of this because we want to save the lives your congregants, of your flock. All of our great faith traditions, all of our faith traditions emphasize community, love one another. Love one another, right now, we are social distancing. Cause when we are together, it can happen in a church, the likelihood of spreading the virus goes way up. One of the reports we are getting from national experts is that people in choirs have been spreading the virus because of the vocalizations required when you are singing, and the virus is going out and getting on folks. There's just so many reasons not to do this, and not to get together. And worship from our homes, worship virtually, and get together next year. I understand how important faith is to everybody. And I understand we believe we need to get together and celebrate, and worship. I understand that. But we have to understand the science as well. The virus doesn't care about faith, or family members or anybody. All it wants to do is infect people and person to person to person. So I would suggest, the best way that you can follow the Golden Rule that's all in our faith traditions by loving one another is by staying away from each other. And we ask for not to go to church services, and for anybody that is a leader of a house of worship we request that you not to hold your church services as well. I can say that 99.9998 percent or whatever huge number it is, people are complying with it. So for those that are not, let's reconsider, stay home, stay safe, show your love that way. Worship virtually, visit with your family virtually as well. We just don't want any kind of crowds coming together because it increases the odds of this virus passing from person to person. So for the good of our loved ones, and our community, no in-person or drive thru worship services, and or any holiday gatherings, including family gatherings, this weekend. Connect online, stay home, as much as possible social distancing. If you have to go out for essential business wear a mask. The mask is so that you don't breathe on other people. People without symptoms are spreading the disease, asymptomatic, but if you put a mask on, and you are asymptomatic, you have less of a chance to spread the disease to other people.
"(Around 3:25 left)
We are not allowing churches to gather, either in-person or any kind of drive-thru capacity. OK, so, if you are a church or are a church- going member, and you do that, you are in violation of a mandate from the Governor, you are in violation of the request from my office and city government to not do that. No that's the last thing – we are saying no. No church worshipping, no drive-thrus. Why – we want to save your life, and the lives of other people in our community. It distresses us greatly to have to do this during Holy Week. Easter is about rebirth. The virus is not interested in rebirth. OK? Virus is interested in sickness and death. So we have to deny the virus. The way we do that is staying away. That's really how we bring our faith traditions alive. Loving one another by practicing social distancing. Staying home. We know that works. OK, everybody so please help us out with that.
"(Around :54 left)
Try to channel that energy that you have to be with other people and your commitment to your faith tradition, to be faithful to that by staying separate from people, and showing your love to each other that way. Focus it on your internal self. OK, I can't be with other folks, but I'm going to be the best person I can be by staying separate from others.
Mayor Fischer's remarks are a far cry from threatening parishioners with any enforcement action. Instead, these words express serious concerns that in-person, drive-in church services could further spread the virus through the community. The Mayor asked churches to keep the faith by staying home, worshipping at home and practicing social distancing so we can save lives. Perhaps our non-lawyer Mayor offended some by telling the community what to do rather than simply pleading with folks to avoid these mass gatherings. These remarks have been misinterpreted by the Plaintiff and this Court.
The very behavior that Mayor Fischer spoke out about and the reasons for his concern can be seen in the photographs attached as Exhibit 1. Even through Pastor Chuck Salvo swore the On Fire's drive-in service followed mandatory social distancing, the photos taken by the Courier Journal show otherwise. These photographs demonstrate the Plaintiff's parishioners closely congregated at past services with folks sharing a collection basket, band members performing without proper distances, and other attendees interacting in ways inconsistent with the March 19 Order.
The Court erred in describing Mayor Fischer's comments on the actions to be taken by Louisville Metro on Easter. The Court describes them as a threat. For the Court's knowledge, the purpose of passing out the flyers was for educational purposes. The flyers referenced the potential dangers incident to gatherings in case a potential attendee was uninformed about the potential consequences to themselves and their family. The purpose of recording the license plates was to assist the health departments with potentially tracking individuals (and their families) who may test positive to the virus and to then encourage and/or mandate them to self-quarantine for 14 days so as to protect the public at large.
While Mayor Fischer has authority to enforce the March 19 Order more stringently in Louisville, his public discussions do not amount to a written order banning drive-in church services. Plaintiff filed an action based solely on the passionate pleas of a city's leader during a public health crisis. Mayor Fischer's statements are in conformity with the March 19 Order and do not violate the Plaintiff's rights under the First Amendment….
Plaintiffs have failed to show that the Mayor's discouragement of drive-in church services is a constitutional violation. The Mayor's statements were at most an admonition to comply with the March 19 Order prohibiting mass gatherings. The Mayor's statements were not reduced to an executive order, nor codified as an ordinance, even though the Mayor would be well within his authority to take this action…. Municipalities like the state have broad police powers, including the power to establish laws that promote the "health, safety and welfare of citizens." In Jacobson v. Comm. of Massachusetts (1905), the Court stated even the most basic human "rights" are subject to the essential power of the state to protect the public when there is a clear and present danger, Schenck v. United States (1919). Thus, the word "right" implies that the individual or group is free to engage in the activity in question except when it endangers the public health, safety, or welfare. This historic limitation on all "rights" clearly shows that Congress by protecting certain employee "rights" did not intend to bar the adoption of essential state police measures which preserve the public health, safety or welfare. There are enough historical limitations on the states' ability thus to interfere with an employee right to insure that the essence of the "right" which Congress sought to protect will not be jeopardized.
In Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940), it was stated by the United States Supreme Court that a state police regulation restricting freedom of religion could not be tolerated except: "When clear, and present danger or riot, disorder, interference with traffic upon the public streets, or other immediate threat to public safety, peace, or order appears, the power of the State to prevent or punish is obvious." (Emphasis added.) In the subject instance, there is a clear and present danger. The recent past practices at the Plaintiff's drive-in services show their many abuses of congregating together in violation of March 19 Order to practice social distancing set forth in the CDC guidelines. Parishioners are shown in photographs in close proximity to one another, standing in truck beds, or with windows rolled all the way down, and passing collection basket. Other parishioners were in the open and on stage performing without protective equipment or proper spacing. These behaviors are cautioned against in the CDC guidelines and pose a real danger to further spread of COVID-19 in the community….
Here, Plaintiff's practices pose a real and present danger to the health and welfare of Kentucky's citizens. Congregating in close proximity violates social distancing guidelines mandated in the March 19 Order, and Plaintiff has clearly shown an inability to follow these guidelines. The affidavit of Pastor Chuck Salvo attached to Plaintiff's Memorandum misrepresents to the Court that his services were attended by parishioners that were practicing proper social distancing in compliance with the March 19 Order. The Court's reliance on the affidavit is in error….
Mayor Fischer has acted responsibly and properly in protecting the community from a clear and present danger. As of April 13, 2020, there have been 1,963 Kentuckians and 569 Louisvillians infected with COVID-19; 97 of these Kentuckians and 45 Louisvillians have died as a result of this highly contagious disease. There is a compelling reason for Mayor Fischer tell his residents not to engage in social gatherings such as a drive-in church service, especially in the state's highest population density county. Given these facts and Plaintiff's past practices, Louisville Metro's position is not overly broad. The Plaintiff has not shown a likelihood of success on any of its claims. Equities are not in their favor where there is a clear and present danger facing the community….
In the words of Mayor Fischer on April 9, 2020: "We are doing all of this because we want to save the lives your congregants, of your flock. All of our great faith traditions, all of our faith traditions emphasize community, love one another. Love one another, right now, we are social distancing." … An injunction on the Mayor's right to enforce the March 19 Order may confuse the community and prevent Louisville Metro from properly enforcing the government's efforts to stop the spread of this pandemic disease….