The Volokh Conspiracy

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Free Speech

Free Speech Unmuted: Spoiler Alert: Can You Get Sued For Revealing A Plot Point?

A deepish dive into how copyright law and the First Amendment interact.

|The Volokh Conspiracy |


Can revealing a plot twist get you sued? Inspired by the controversy surrounding HBO's Lanterns, Jane and I explore the tension between copyright protection and free speech. From Gerald Ford's memoirs to 2 Live Crew's "Pretty Woman" parody, they examine how courts distinguish protected expression from facts and ideas—and when fair use permits borrowing from someone else's work. Along the way, they consider why describing an ending differs from posting a clip, how leaks of unpublished material complicate the analysis, and when a spoiler might cross the line from bad manners to legal liability.

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