Promises Worth Breaking
Obama's health insurance tax didn't go far enough.
The president's proposed tax on especially expensive medical benefits broke at least three of his promises. It still may have been the best aspect of a health care plan that foundered when the Democrats lost a crucial Senate seat in January.
As approved by the Senate, the 40 percent excise tax would have applied to medical coverage costs above $8,500 a year for individuals and $23,000 for families. Although those cutoffs are far above average, they would have risen more slowly than insurance premiums, and the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimated the tax would affect nearly a quarter of Americans with employer-provided coverage by 2019.
This bracket creep was a feature, not a bug, because the aim was to reduce the incentive that encourages employers to provide tax-free medical benefits instead of higher wages. The more people are covered through work, and the more generous their coverage, the more they are insulated from the costs of their health care choices, a situation that impedes competition and inflates costs.
Barack Obama's excise tax would nibble at the edges of this problem by encouraging employers to cut back on the most expensive health plans and shift the money they save to wages. In fact, the JCT projected that more than 80 percent of the money raised through this provision during its first decade would come not from the levy itself but from taxes on higher wages.
Which brings us to those broken promises. While running for president Obama repeatedly vowed not to raise taxes on families earning less than $250,000 a year. Yet the JCT's numbers indicated that most of the money raised by the tax would come from households in that income group.
Last year Obama repeatedly assured the public that his health care plan would not affect people who are happy with their current coverage. "No matter how we reform health care," he said in a June speech, "we will keep this promise: If you like your doctor, you will be able to keep your doctor. Period. If you like your health care plan, you will be able to keep your health care plan. Period. No one will take it away. No matter what."
Yet the premise of the excise tax on "Cadillac" medical benefits is that some employer-provided plans, because of their tax-free status, are excessively generous, making consumers less cost-conscious than they otherwise would be. If it did not succeed in shifting people to different health plans—which might mean higher copayments, higher deductibles, and/or less comprehensive coverage—it would be a failure.
Finally, during his campaign, Obama vowed to "change the way business is done in Washington" by eschewing special-interest lobbyists. Yet the deal he struck in January with union leaders who objected to the excise tax was a blatant payoff to supporters whose interests diverge from those of the general public. In addition to raising the excise tax thresholds, the compromise would have allowed government employees and union members to escape the tax for five years longer than everyone else.
Since those employees are especially likely to have the "gold-plated" medical benefits at which the tax is aimed, the exemption further undermined what was already a timid, needlessly complicated attempt to deal with one of the health care system's central problems: the separation of consumption from payment. A better approach would be to make all medical benefits taxable while cutting tax rates or providing offsetting credits—something like what Obama's Republican opponent suggested in 2008.
Obama condemned John McCain's proposal then, warning, "For the first time in American history, he wants to tax your health benefits." But that was the same speech in which Obama made his "firm pledge" that "no family making less than $250,000 will see their taxes increase." If Congress goes "back to the drawing board" on health care (as the new senator from Massachusetts recommended), Obama's habit of reversing himself could turn out to be a blessing.