Jesse Walker | December 21, 2005
The returns from Iraq's elections have been coming in, and the Shi'a religious parties seem to be doing awfully well. Sunni leaders are already crying fraud -- and worse:
Alluding to Sunnis who chose to abandon their earlier rejection of Iraqi politics and participate in Thursday's election, Adnan Dulaimi, a chief of the main Sunni coalition, the Tawafaq front, demanded: "What would we tell those whom we indirectly convinced to stop the attacks during the election period? What would we tell those people who wanted to boycott and we convinced them to participate?"
The preliminary results, he said, were "not in the interest of stability of the country."
Jim Henley has some lucid comments here.
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The success of our Constitution wasn't that it established
wonderful democratic processes for choosing leaders, or even laid
out the rights of persons. Those can be ignored by the guys with
the guns any time they feel like it.
The great success was that it achieved broad consensus, so that
everyone agreed to carry out their political fights with "bullets
not ballots." You might remember, there came a time when a
significant minority of the country decided it didn't want to play
by those rules anymore, and they bailed on the system and started
shooting cannon balls at the nation's military. And what a disaster
that turned out to be.
Can you imagine how the history of America would be different if
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia never ratified the
Constitution, and the federal government imposed its authority over
they anyway?
Well they are new at this whole democracy thing. Eventually they will learn that if you're not happy with the vote you go to court and sue to change the election procedures.
You know, the fact that 15% of the seats weren't purely regional votes in a tribally dominated society IS a good sign.
Joe I am not so sure about broad consensus. Consider the fight
over slavery that was taking place among the framers 75 years
before the American Civil War even started. It is often overstated
how smoothly the American ratification process went. There were
some ugly compromises made. Expectations seem to be a bit
unrealistic about Iraq.
What would we tell those whom we indirectly convinced to stop
the attacks during the election period? What would we tell those
people who wanted to boycott and we convinced them to
participate
Tell them the system works baby! Sometimes you're the bug and
sometimes you're the windshield.
This democracy thing sure is messy. Quick name the other muslim democracies. Oh wait, that's mixing politics and religion. Only a society that pays lip service to religion can pretend that religion doesn;t trump democracy when it comes to voting your beliefs. And we are all surprised at the outcome thus far?
Ahh, the marginalized minority. I'm sympathetic.
I don't know that they have any better recourse than I do though.
Stay in the system for the sake of stability and prosperity
relative to your current state or engage in a civil war you can't
win. Your best hope there is to make sure nobody wins. Hak reminds
us periodically that it is hard to find a true nihilist, but that
mentality comes awfully close.
woops.
maybe the "spreading democracy" justification for warwill have to
go into the shop for a makeover. Guess we're left with the "bring
on the end of days" rationale.
merry f&*#ing christmas to one and all...
The great success was that it achieved broad consensus, so
that everyone agreed to carry out their political fights with
"bullets not ballots."
No wonder they issued me a dueling pistol the last time I went down
to the polling place.
No wonder they issued me a dueling pistol the last time I
went down to the polling place.
They only gave me a starter's pistol! No wonder my guys never
win.
People in the West don't realize how racist Sunnis are towards
Shia. That Jim Henley's allegedly lucid comments are basically a
rehashing of the common blood liables put fourth against the Shia.
They can't be trusted. They are all under the thumb of Iran and are
a fifth collum in any country in which they live. Most importantly,
they are all religous fanatics.
The fact is that Iraqis are not Iranians and the Shia there are not
going to start sponsoring terrorism against the west or threatening
Europe with nuclear destruction any time soon. Further, it is
interesting how the very same people who howl about Islam being a
religion of peace and religous muslims in the West being unfairly
persucuted and penalized for pursueing their religion, are shocked
that anyone actually living in the middle east might be of a
religous bent and consider them voting that way to be a threat to
all of civilization? Which is it? If it is wrong for France to ban
head scarves from schools, then why is woman wearing one in Bahgdad
such a threat?
The fact is that the Iraqis have a right to determine what kind of
country they want. If it is a religous theocracy so be it, as long
as they are not murdering their minorities, sponsoring terrorism or
threatening their neighbors. My guess is that as the economy
continues to grow and people get more wealthy and accostumed to
living under something besides a murderous dictatorship that the
appeal of strict religion will begin to fade. If it doesn't, that
is their choice not ours. One thing is for sure, leaving a
murdurous dictator in charge to keep them down is not the right
sollution.
Quick name the other muslim democracies.
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Niger, Mali.
If it doesn't, that is their choice not ours.
Followed by: One thing is for sure, leaving a murdurous (sic)
dictator in charge to keep them down is not the right
sollution.(sic).
What are you suggesting, John? That if they choose
to move back in with a murderous dictator, it's okay because we
threw the first one out?
Swillfredo, the consensus was sufficiently broad that it held
together for seventy years or so.
I'm not trying to play down the divisions that existed. My point is
that the process of creating the government and establishing the
Republic took those divisions into account, and made the
achievement of a mutually-acceptable compromise among the different
groups a precondition for the vesting of power over them in the
government. It's those ugly compromises I'm talking about - there
weren't made in the Iraqi Constitution, because (unlike our own),
they didn't have to be. The Kurds and Shiites could bring the
government into effect, and assert power over the Sunni, without
having to make the ugly compromises necessary to secure their
consent.
"Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Niger,
Mali."
...Turkey, Bosnia...
John,
The fact is that the Iraqis have a right to determine what kind
of country they want. If it is a religous theocracy so be it, as
long as they are not murdering their minorities, sponsoring
terrorism or threatening their neighbors.
Or their minorities murdering their majorities, as the case may
be.
Taking to your sword (nowadays guns) when you aren't happy with
politics is at least as old as Islam in the Middle East. It's their
heritage, as they put it so aptly themselves:
What would we tell those whom we indirectly convinced to stop
the attacks during the election period? What would we tell those
people who wanted to boycott and we convinced them to
participate
See, if you don't get what you want any other way, there are always
alternatives. Does anybody think the Sunnis are going to accept
loosing power in Iraq?
I said before this started, the US will not be willing to do all
the evil that good requires. If you want peace in Iraq, than a)
smash the dissention and I mean smash it, break the Sunni's backs
because they aren't going to join the party, or b) split it up into
three countries, and if they want to fight each other that's
fine.
One thing is for sure, leaving a murdurous dictator in charge
to keep them down is not the right sollution.
The fact that nobody else has been able to rule the Middle East for
past 100 years is a really big clue about what kind of rule is
currently possible in the Middle East.
With few exceptions, this is a region where people are not
accustomed to plain old law and order. Nobody is going to rule Iraq
as one country unless they carry a really big stick.
I wish it was suprising that the people who spent the last three
years proclaiming their superiority for wanting to bring democracy
and human rights to Iraq are now endorsing permanent civil war and
government repression of a troublesom minority, rather than trying
to follow our own model of a liberal Republic based on pluralism
and consensual government.
But it's not. Did anyone ever actually believe that this line was
anything but PR?
Very good points joe. I'll just add that the federal government
created by the founders had much less to do with everyday life than
what is being created in Iraq. Very little changed in the day to
day life of the people here for at least a generation, with respect
to what the federal government was doing. That led to a certain
amount of disinterest in the controversies at the citizen
level.
Not so in Iraq. To address just the tip of the iceberg, the federal
government will be intimately involved in dishing out pork from the
nationalized oil revenues. Add in the role of Islamic law in the
Iraqi Constitution vs. the relatively secular lifestyle the Kurds
have established and that many Sunnis favor. These are issues that
create alot of interest at the citizen level. They're less likely
to accept compromises because the outcome will have a large impact
on their daily lives.
But as you note, the real difference is that noone was pointing a
gun at the colonies, telling them that they must form a federal
government with each other. They all voluntarily decided to get
into it. The Kurds and Shia have been told that they must be a part
of some sort of unified Iraq. And some libertarians think that our
excellent Iraqi adventure is somehow premised on libertarian
philosophy?
Henley's post was a swarmy, disappointing rant, and joe - of all
people - should know that bitching when you lose is normal in
democracy...Democrats have done it for years now (wanna run those
Senate numbers again, joe?)
Relax...you just saw 20% of the Iraqi population transformed into
adamant secularists! And, no, they aren't resuming the
insurgency....even a two-week vacation was just too much fun! The
Sunni insurgents have just become the Sunni militia...with more
interests with, than against, the US.
Somehow these Verve lyrics may end up the theme of the whole
Iraq intervention and its amateurish idealism:
for the life of me,
I cannot remember
what made us think that
we were
wise and we didn't compro-mise;
for the life of me
I cannot believe
we'd ever die for these
sins
we were merely freshmen
Taking to your sword (nowadays guns) when you aren't happy
with politics is at least as old as Islam in the Middle
East.
Right. Before Muhammed, worldwide and even still outside the
region, political disputes were never solved by violence.
Sounds like someone else has gotten hold of a Leon Uris novel, and
took it seriously.
Yes, there are Muslim democracies. But keep in mind that
democracy and freedom aren't the same thing, and those Muslim
nations with democtacy aren't necessarily all that free.
I think the Press Freedom Index is a good indicator, in a canary in
the mine shaft sort of way.
The countries listed as Muslim democracies don't rank very high on
the Press Freedom Index, taking into account that any score over 75
counts as only "Partly Free" and any score above 125 ranks as "Not
Free" (granted the US ranks lower than I'd expect, in 24th).
Bangladesh 146th, Indonesia 120th, Malaysia 153rd, Lebanon 125th,
Nigeria 112th, Niger 113th, Mali 52nd, Turkey 105th,
Bosnia-Herzegovina 102nd...
With the exception of Mali, none of those countries break into the
top 100, and there are only 194 countries on the list.
Food for thought from Freedom House:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/pressurvey/fop05.pdf
Hang on, which side am I rooting for, the Shias for gaining a similar majority they hold in population in seats in parliament, or the Sunnis for being a secular minority? Which one am I to blame for Amerikkka's failure in Iraq?
the Shi'a religious parties seem to be doing awfully
well.
That's a shocker, considering the Shi'a are a majority of the
country and this is an election where, you know, the guy who gets
the most votes wins.
Keep in mind also that the Sunni baseline for governing Iraq is
total Sunni domination, underscored by mass graves full of, you
guessed it, Kurds and Shiites.
The smarter Sunnis are already figuring out that the Americans are
their best friends, given their history with said Kurds and
Shiites. You watch - when the votes are taken ten years from now on
whether the Americans stay or go, the Kurds and Sunnis will be
united in favor of the Americans sticking around.
But keep in mind that democracy and freedom aren't the same
thing, and those Muslim nations with democtacy aren't necessarily
all that free.
You won't see me dispute that. But the point of contention wasn't
the quality of Muslim democracies other than Iraq, but simply
whether they exist.
You watch - when the votes are taken ten years from now on
whether the Americans stay or go, the Kurds and Sunnis will be
united in favor of the Americans sticking around.
well hopefully they will have a country there that respects the
rights of its minorities enough not to need us there to police
their majority.
I'm with downstater. I've been assured by hawkish commenters
that in 10 years Iraq will be a liberal beacon for the world.
Were they all lying?
Today has been a day of disappointments: First I discovered that pi
isn't equal to 3 and I became an atheist as a result. Now I find
out that Iraq might not be all that liberal in 10 years.
Well, in a few days I'll be feeling better when I see what Santa
Claus has brought me. At least I can still rely on him.
Right? Um, right?
The smarter Sunnis are already figuring out that the
Americans are their best friends, given their history with said
Kurds and Shiites.
How many of the Sunnis are "smarter," and how many of those hold
positions of influence within the Sunni community? Before
answering, reread the quote from Adnan Dulaimi.
The Sunnis just got a reality check. Up until last week, the
half-believed, or did believe, or wanted to believe there were a
lot of "uncounted" Sunni...that they were somehow more than
20%.
Now they know better - though it will take a few more days for the
denial to wear off.
The central myth fueling their "Resistance" just bit the
dust!
There is NO reason to think the outcome deviates significantly from
what the electorate chose...it mirrors almost precisely the ethnic
and sectarian breakdown of the population.
The largest Muslim country in the world is a democracy. That's right I'm talking about India. Granted the Muslims aren't a majority but there more Muslims living in India than anywhere else. Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are mostly Muslim and nominally democracies, certainly more democratic than Niger or Nigeria.
Who the hell at H&R does these captions,
anyway?
We write our own. Shoes for industry, comrade.
The Sunnis just got a reality check.
You'll hear a lot of people saying almost exactly the same thing
within the Iraqi Sunni community over the next couple weeks. But
the sentence will be phrased, "Those Sunnis who believe we can
achieve our goals through electoral politics just got a reality
check."
"To address just the tip of the iceberg, the [Iraqi] federal
government will be intimately involved in dishing out pork from the
nationalized oil revenues."
Actually, I think it would be mutton they plan on dishing out.
Actually, I think it would be mutton they plan on dishing
out.
All I know is that if they don't eat their meat they won't get any
pudding.
vanya,
i think you meant indonesia (muslim pop. apx. 213M*) instead of
india (muslim pop. apx. 145M*)
*from the cia world factbook
not that it matters to your point, india still has a helluva large muslim population.
TURKEY IS SECULAR.
Shall we put the United States or Canada under "Christian"?
Yes, 98% is Muslim. About 60% of Lebanon is. However, Turkey is a
secular state.
I have no hope whatsoever that anything in the Near East will ever be anything less than fucked up during my lifetime. This is not pessimism, but realism. 48 years and little has changed for the better...
The largest Muslim country in the world is a democracy.
That's right I'm talking about India. Granted the Muslims aren't a
majority but there more Muslims living in India than anywhere
else.
Actually, the third-most, behind Indonesia and Pakistan. Though the
former is a democracy as well.
Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are mostly Muslim and nominally
democracies, certainly more democratic than Niger or
Nigeria.
Kyrgyzstan, yes, imperfect though it is. Kazakhstan, however, is
more like Ukraine minus the Orange Revolution.
Fact Checker,
Don't look at me, I didn't make the list up.
"You won't see me dispute that. But the point of contention wasn't
the quality of Muslim democracies other than Iraq, but simply
whether they exist." - Eric II
Sounds like we're in agreement then.
So, getting back to the original point, if Iraq ends up as an Iran-leaning theocracy through reasonably legitimate democratic means, we will have won?
Jeff,
That seems to be the Democratic Party's plan... Which is why I
voted Republican, despite how much it hurt.
I can only laugh at people who think democracy is only working
when the party they like wins. It called "democracy" because the
people vote for what they want.
Theocracy, vote fraud, corruption, religious extremists... these
are the same things Democrats say about America's elected
government.
Of course, there are more elections down the road if they change
their minds. I recall our present fascist theocratic corrupt
religious extremist Congress came to power only 11 years ago.
I've been assured by hawkish commenters that in 10 years
Iraq will be a liberal beacon for the world.
It already is. Cafes from Lebanon to Damascus to Tehran to Cairo
are abuzz with the idea of Mideast democracy.
abuzz with the idea of Mideast democracy
You make it sound like they've never experienced it before.
Jesse
I think you are totally wrong!
If the Sunni can't win an election, they can't win a civil war,
either. And if they can't poll more than 20%, they can't even wage
a civil war. If the New Model (and largely Shi'ite) Army we've
created comes, the tactical playbook they have been using against
the US simply doesn't apply...the shi'ites can permit all kinds of
"collateral damage", take hostages, and enact reprisals - the world
will say NOTHING about a civil war. And especially not the US, if
they give us a kick in the ass on the way out - "serves you
right!"
NO ONE will save them, any more than Dafur...the world will just
buy oil from the Kurds and/or the Shia!
All of the above pertains also for areas controlled by the Pesh
Murga.
And if the Sunnis "win" some kind of secession, all they inherit is
a worthless dustbowl, contiguous with Syria, Jordan ,Saudi and a
now-hostile Shia-town and Kurdistan - states that either cannot, or
will not help them.
The three provinces by themselves are NOT viable, and indeed, to
crush the Sunni, all the Shia and Kurds have to do is seize and
hold, Baghdad, Mosul and Kirkurk for a couple of months...anyone
betting they can't?
But none of thid id going to happen...because the Sunni leaders ARE
rational actors. And now they are constrained by the fact that
their followings are fully apprised of the facts on the
ground:
A.) Baghdad is Shi'ite - has been for decades. 80 to 90%
Shi'tite...might as well rename it Sadr City.
B.) Mosul and Kirkuk were never "arabscised"...just another statist
daydreanm that was mostly bullshit. The Arabs there are about as
likely to be native Christians, or Shia looking for work, as
Sunni.
C.) The Sunni are 20% or less...have been for centuries, most
likely - even Al-jazeera will cop to it in another couple of
weeks.
And if the Sunni are "under-counted", in a violent confrontation,
they are going to STAY under-counted. Does anyone believe that
Sunni voters chased away from the polls by Shia militia or Pesh
Murga "firing their guns in the air" are going to be any help in a
civil war?
D.) An America PRESENT in Iraq can stop a Shia offensive against
the three provinces in a matter of hours, using air power alone,
but...
... a split in the Iraqi Army post-America, leaves the Shia with
most of the airpower, heavy weapons, armor, communications and
transport - as well as what Europe wants, oil.
Aren't elections wonderful Jesse? Just like the market-place:
actors get ACCURATE information...and, an incentive to act on
it!
It's not Muslims who don't have democracies, it's the Arabs.
Well, until now, I guess.
We really blew it with Iran, which could have been the moderate,
stabilizing influence in the Middle East (oops). We just had to let
the shah run amok, didn't we?
Question: why do we believe that the Kurds will throw in so eagerly with the Shiites? From what I have seen, my guess is that they will do as little as possible (except build up their own militia) and let the other two groups bleed each other down to the point where neither can effectively oppose a Kurdish secession. They may offer some token support for the central government, but only as much as they absolutely have to.
"If the Sunni can't win an election, they can't win a civil war,
either. And if they can't poll more than 20%, they can't even wage
a civil war."
Tell it to the IRA and the Bolsheviki, bud.
joe
I rest my case on your examples.
The Bolsheviks would have lost a civil war - and consequently,
wouldn't have attempted one - if they had to start with no
effective control over Moscow and Petrograd, and the army, via the
"soldier Soviets"...THAT is the actual position of the Sunni.
The IRA did lose a civil war in the 1920's, in the six counties,
and the Catholic minority would have been run out altogether absent
the British authority.
But we do not claim Iraq is part of the US, in the sense that
Britain claims Ulster is part of Britain...and we won't stay to
prevent the majority from finishing the job.
All the Sunni politicians can do is use the threat of a boycott to
get a few more seats and thwart a Shiia super-majority...
...but none of that works, unless
A.) they eventually show up
B.) they can command a united minority of ALL the disaffected
And the above means they must explain the facts to their own
constituencies, and unite the opposition on broad political
themes.
And THIS trashes the founding myth of the Sunni insurgency.
That is the point of Democratic Transformation - revanchist
mythologies die, in the glare of actual polls.
I know, joe...you would rather have a world where, state-actors,
unnnaccoutable militias, terror-groups and mukhabarats, sorted it
all out!
"'he Bolsheviks would have lost a civil war - and consequently,
wouldn't have attempted one - if they had to start with no
effective control over Moscow and Petrograd, and the army, via the
"soldier Soviets"'
You just described Mao, Andrew: Lenin, with no control of the
cities, and no presence in the national army. And, of course, the
Sunnis do have control (as much as any locals do under occupation)
of Baghdad (outside of on neighborhood), and do appear to have
infiltrators in the army.
"The IRA did lose a civil war in the 1920's, in the six
counties,"
I yield to no may in my drunken yearning for the Six Counties, but
that's one hell of a asterix to put on your statement. They drove
the most powerful country on the planet out of 3/4 of the
country!
joe
The IRA lost a civil war in the other 30 counties, too...AFTER
losing an election - that should tell you something!
joe
The Balkan intervention you "supported" (in Pre-School?) wouldn't
have been necessary, if the Bosnian Moslems could have handled the
Serbs...and I would rather have fancied their chances over the
Sunni!
The "neighborhood" the Shi'ites control in Baghdad is most of
the city...even Americans can't challenge the militia - the Sunni
won't try.
Sunni infilatrators in the army won't spirit away a single piece of
field artillery.
We have seen this before - in Bosnia. Absent world intervention,
Serbs win...period. Your scenario doesn't lead to some Green Line
partition...it leads to Sunni disaster.
An election in China, 1944-45 might have been an interesting
idea...oh a Poli-Sci student's nightmare - and Mao's nightmare,
too.
Kerensky held off the Constituent Assembly elections "pending the
outcome of the war", right?
But the soldiers Soviets would have slunk off like rebuked puppies
faced with the evidence - even Trotsky admitted as much. A hundred
thousand guerillas shrink before one election. Proof is available
throughout central America.
If the Sunni can't win an election, they can't win a civil
war, either.
Doesn't matter if they can win one. What matters is if they can
start one.
And if they can't poll more than 20%, they can't even wage a
civil war.
I don't agree, but even if that were true, there are parts of the
country where they can poll much more than 20%. They don't have to
fight a war everywhere.
"I know, joe...you would rather have a world where,
state-actors, unnnaccoutable militias, terror-groups and
MUKHABARATA..."
Andrew, we've all read what you have to say about the torture
scandals, the wiretapping scandals, the no-knock laws, and the
secret prisons. And we've all read what I've had to say about those
things.
I think everybody here realizes who actually supports secret
police, and who actually opposes them.
Apparently, Trotsky was wrong. Iraq has had two elections
already, and the insurgency and the death toll just keep
growing.
But it's ok, Andrew assures us that we're turning the corner. We'll
be back to a few dead enders any time now.
joe
"Andrew, we've all read what you have to say about the torture
scandals, the wiretapping scandals, the no-knock laws, and the
secret prisons"
Whazzat?
I have written practically nothing about any of these things...I am
not a reflexive defender of the Administration, and frankly, not
much interested in these discussions.
I have always believed that there are two ALTERNATIVES in waging
the war on terror:
A.) To close our eyes and allow the CIA and mukhabarat proxies
fight a "dirty war" against terror groups, while consigning
ourselves to an overbearing Security State at home - this is where
Clintonian Realism takes you, when the other guys want to fight,
or...
B.) Transform the terrain in the Mid East. So terror groups lose
much of their impetus, and the remnant can reasonably be dealt with
by civilised law enforcement.
I have made THIS argument a hundred times!
At least be honest about it joe - anyone who wants the Mid East to
stay the same wants Mubarak to "handle" the problem by filling his
dungeons with the Islamic Brothers.
And frankly, if I was a militant, I'd rather be "renditioned" by
the CIA.
Andrew,
You say you want a revolution. Well, you know, we ALL want to
change the world. But when you talk about destruction, don't you
know that you can count me out.
I don't buy your false choice. Wanting to work for change in the
Middle East doesn't require us to drive off a cliff.
No, Andrew, I won't.
You've never said dick about the secret police atrocities carried
out in the name of this war and this president, but you sure have
slandered those of us who have spoken out.
Gee, rob, you almost make it sound as if establishing a system
of assigning government positions via balloting isn't enough to
produce the rights-respecting, freedom-loving, democratic political
systems the president tells us are necessary for defeating the
terrorists.
It's as if there needs to be some kind of broader social compact,
voluntarily agreed upon among the people of a nation.
Who woulda thunk it?
joe
"Andrew, we've all read what you have to say..."
"You've never said dick..."
So, you were "improvising"...and lying?
I guess we have the measure of your character.
And since we've all seen you standing by torturers, liars, and
spies, I guess we have the measure of yours.
Sometimes silence speaks volumes.
...and it is the character of a "man" who goes from accusing someone of supporting terror groupos and secret police, to whining about being "slandered," in 21 hours and 56 minutes.
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