The One-Man Wall

How a single Arizona legislator's obsession has changed immigration policy for the worse

Kerry Howley from the October 2008 issue

(Page 2 of 5)

It is Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio who unleashes Pearce's legislative efforts upon Arizona. Typically, local sheriff 's deputies would not be empowered to enforce immigration law, a responsibility specific to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), but Arpaio has an agreement with the federal government allowing 160 of his 750 deputies to arrest and detain thousands of undocumented workers. When Pearce passes a sanctions law allowing investigation of businesses suspected of hiring illegal immigrants, Arpaio can show up and begin arresting amusement park employees by the dozen. When Arpaio needs more funding to enforce a state "human smuggling" law aimed at workers themselves, Pearce can arrange it. The sheriff says he has turned over 15,312 men and women to ICE so far.

Pearce and Arpaio may seem like natural allies, but this cozy arrangement follows more than a decade of personal strain between the two public servants. Arpaio has been talking about "illegals" for only a few years. He first became famous for his harsh treatment of prisoners in the mid-1990s when he dressed Maricopa County's inmates in cartoonish black and white striped uniforms, shackled female prisoners in chain gangs, forced male inmates to wear emasculating pink underwear, and fed his charges green bologna. When federal law required that he give each inmate more room but the county refused to grant funds for a new brick-and-mortar jail, Arpaio built an internationally notorious "tent city" with barbed wire and surplus army tents donated by the Pentagon. The sheriff was unworried by the prospect of exposing inmates to 115-degree desert afternoons; if the tents were good enough for U.S. soldiers, he figured, they were good enough for convicts. Today, at the entrance of the still-standing jail, images of American soldiers in Iraq hang over a warning not to complain.

When he first ran for sheriff in 1992, Arpaio vowed not to serve more than four years. Russell Pearce, a decorated former officer with ambitions to succeed Arpaio, agreed to be his chief deputy for a single term; he says he was promised a fast track to the top slot. But Arpaio liked playing chief, and references to his one-term pledge dropped off considerably during his first year in office. Pearce eventually left in 1993, disappointed but unwilling to wait for the immensely popular Arpaio to tire of the job.

According to Pearce, Arpaio's attention-grabbing tent city jail was not the sheriff 's idea but his. It was Pearce who thought to use military surplus left over from Operation Desert Storm, Pearce who "refused to hang a ‘no vacancy' sign on the county jail," Pearce who saved taxpayers millions while keeping them safe. "Sheriff Arpaio ran to be a one-term sheriff, and he changed his mind," he recalls. "In fact, I have an affidavit in my safe where he committed to [serve] one term, and so that was part of the deal, but you know what? I'm not an ego-driven guy, and like I told him, it doesn't matter to me."

The sheriff 's star continued to rise throughout the '90s, fueled not a little by his universally acknowledged yen for publicity. He espoused a militarized version of community policing, greatly expanding an existing network of volunteer posse members and acquiring an army tank to ride during Phoenix parades. He was engaged and unsubtle. But unlike Pearce, Arpaio was not a born border warrior, and he did not become one until public anti-immigration sentiment in the state reached a peak late in 2005.

After leaving the sheriff 's office, Pearce bounced around for a while, serving as the director of the Motor Vehicle Division until Republican Gov. Jane Hull canned him. One of the agency's employees had erased a driving under the influence charge from a woman's records as a political favor, and Pearce took the fall. (His then-20-year-old son Justin also left the division in disgrace, after printing state-issued IDs for his underage friends.) In 2000, Pearce was elected as state representative of Mesa, a conservative, Mormonfounded city east of Phoenix, on a platform of low taxes, strong values, and closed borders.

Four years in, thanks in part to term limits, Pearce managed to position himself as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, giving him crucial leverage over other legislators. He wasn't a publicity hound like Arpaio, but he would gladly stop and talk to anyone about immigration. And Arizona residents were ready to talk. "Russell did what bright lawmakers do: found an issue, made it his own," says Howard Fischer, a Phoenix-based journalist who covers the state legislature for Capitol Media Services. "He built a popular base of support, and he has found a willing audience throughout most of the rest of the state, much the same as the sheriff has found an audience."

Tapping into frustration over crowding, crime, and identity theft, Pearce found resonance in his own district while convincing his state colleagues that their constituencies, too, demanded action on immigration. Public anger was rising, and Republicans who would rather have treated immigration as a federal responsibility found themselves sidelined as Pearce hammered away. In the Arizona Republic, moderates accused the party of running a "dictatorship" and blacklisting dissenters.

Pearce's first important anti-immigration trophies were Proposition 200, a 2004 voter initiative that forced residents to prove their citizenship before registering to vote, and Proposition 103, a 2006 measure establishing English as the official language of Arizona. Prop 200 passed with 56 percent of the vote, and Prop 103 with 74 percent. "There was a lot of dry wood ready to catch fire, and Pearce was a spark," says Rodolfo Espino, an assistant professor of political science at Arizona State University. "Couple that with the failure of comprehensive immigration reform and a housing boom that created a tremendous need for workers."

The Fair and Legal Employment Act, which had faced stiffer opposition, was not, in the end, everything Pearce wanted. His initial proposal would have revoked business licenses on the first, not the second offense; anything less, he suggested at the time, would be "amnesty." But when the slightly less severe act finally passed, the man who had long languished under the shadow of "America's toughest sheriff" suddenly found himself on national news shows, talking up what he liked to call "the nation's toughest immigration law."

Employers or Enforcers?

Sheridan Bailey won't argue with that description. The sanctions law took effect on January 1, so the 64-year-old president of Ironco Enterprises, a steel fabrication firm in Phoenix, axed 30 percent of his work force just before Christmas of 2007. Most had families. One was an iron fitter who "could work circles around any other fitter" in the joint. Another had been in the United States his whole adult life. "He has been here since he was 5," says Bailey, with visible frustration. "He looks and talks—well, not exactly like me, but he's as American as anybody else."

To attract replacement talent, Bailey raised wages for some workers as much as 35 percent, but he says a labor shortage remains the greatest constraint on Ironco's growth. He tried forming a training program that recruited native-born Arizonans for the position of project manager, which pays $75,000 a year. "‘Look,' we said, ‘we'll train you to be welders and fitters; if you're sharp and hardworking, you can become a project manager,' " he recalls. "But none of those guys lasted more than 90 days. They couldn't show up on time. They couldn't park their car in the right place. They couldn't follow direction, so what we learned is you can't just go to recruit young people to do this kind of work."

Bailey turned to Alongside Ministries, an organization that helps ex-convicts find work. He tried U.S. Vets, an organization that helps ex-soldiers who are having trouble adjusting to civilian life. He asked a missionary friend for help recruiting refugees. "No matter what you raise the wages to," he says, "there aren't enough warm bodies." Construction delays are costly, so contractors can't take jobs if they aren't sure they'll have an adequate work force. Unable to find enough capable laborers stateside, Bailey eventually tried outsourcing metalwork—to Mexico.

In 2000, when the last U.S. Census was taken, 20 percent of Arizona workers in construction-related trades were non citizens. While an estimated one in 10 employees in the state are undocumented, the percentage in residential construction, tourism, food service, and commercial construction is much bigger, so that's where the sanctions law is hitting hardest. Mike Sutter, who owns a masonry business in El Mirage, says he "easily" could have doubled his business last year had he not faced a shortage of ready workers. "I can't tell you how many high school career days I have been to," says Sutter. "We offer kids $13 an hour with no experience. That's a good wage. But it's hot out here."

Comments

|9.22.08 @ 12:48PM|#

The UBGD (united brotherhood of giant douchebags) has recently denied Pearce membership. Apparently, members felt that his mastery of douchebaggery was at such a high level that he no longer fell within guidelines.

Dagny T.|9.22.08 @ 12:48PM|#

Sheriff Joe... dressed Maricopa County's inmates in cartoonish black and white striped uniforms, shackled female prisoners in chain gangs, forced male inmates to wear emasculating pink underwear, and fed his charges green bologna

Oh, THAT Sheriff Joe. We saw a video of his prisons in a Law & Justice class I took, and it was really obscene to see how much pleasure he got out of blatantly mistreating people. It's eerie to see Foucault's description of the penal society played out in exacting detail.

But it's not surprising to find that douchebags of a feather...

EJM|9.22.08 @ 12:51PM|#

Jason LeVecke, co-owner of 60 Carl's Jr. restaurants in Arizona, has hired two national law firms to audit each of his 1-9 forms, the documentation required to verify an employee's identity.

It's probably too late to correct it for the actual print edition, but it should be "I-9" (with the letter "I", instead of the number "1").

|9.22.08 @ 12:55PM|#

I am likely going to drive to Vegas while visiting my sister in Tucson and that will take me right through Sheriff Joe's fiefdom.

Oh joy.

|9.22.08 @ 1:21PM|#

Epi,
watch yer speed in the destruction zone on I-10 in tuscon. The cops are sellin lotsa high speed permits.

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 1:24PM|#

Epi,

Sister in Tucson? MENTIROSO!!!!! You're a "coyote" aren't you?

|9.22.08 @ 1:34PM|#

and his sister's a fox

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 1:36PM|#

Bow chicka bow wow! Thanks for giving me the chance to say that, brotherben.

Dagny T.|9.22.08 @ 1:39PM|#

MENTIROSO!!!!!

Naga, plz RTFA. All Spanish will be BANNED.

You're a "coyote" aren't you?

I think he's more a mula de drogas.

"Have you ever...pooped a balloon?"

|9.22.08 @ 1:39PM|#

You're a "coyote" aren't you?

First you call me a liar, then accuse me of being a human trafficker? You have some brass cogliones, Mr. Sadow.

and his sister's a fox

Ha. Actually, my friends always dug her, which made me cringe.

|9.22.08 @ 1:41PM|#

I thought part of the guy code was that a friend's sister was off limits?

|9.22.08 @ 1:41PM|#

THE ECONOMY IS THE MAJOR INGREDIENT THAT WILL GIVE CREDENCE TO EITHER OBAMA OR MCCAIN'S PATH TO THE PRESIDENCY. THAT"S WHY TAXPAYERS CAN NO LONGER SUPPORT THE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS, PARIAH BUSINESSES EXTRACT FROM US WHEN THEY HIRE ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS.

HOW MANY ILLEGAL ALIENS ARE LIVING IN YOUR STATE? HOW MANY JOB'S HAVE PARASITE EMPLOYERS GIVEN TO ILLEGAL ALIENS. NOT JUST THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY, BUT CONSTRUCTION WORK AND OTHERS SERVICE INDUSTRIES. COULD IT BE BECAUSE THEY CAN BE PAID UNDER THE TABLE. IN MOST CASES NO IRS, STATE, WORKERS COMPENSATION. NO HEALTHCARE IS PROVIDED, BECAUSE THAT IS EXTRACTED FROM OUR TAXES.


Only elect hard-line anti-illegal immigrant politicians. Gov Richardson gave drivers licenses to illegals in N.Mexico. Illegal Immigration is lowering wages and stealing jobs from legal Americans. This major issue is costing taxpayers too much. Higher property taxes, free health care, education and a multitude of government welfare programs Just take a look at 'Sanctuary City' California's financial demise. $ 11. billion dollars is attributed to the illegal immigrant welfare, who have drained the states funds.

If we enact the Federal SAVE ACT (H.R.4088) enforcement only law. Millions of illegal aliens will leave by self-deportation. ATTRITION! No job, they will leave of their own accord. Only anti-American groups and Liberal-Democrat-Socialists are stopping this law. ASK THEM WHY?

www.numbersusa.com have the uncensored truth? IT'S YOUR FAMILIES FUTURE. DEPORTATION OR OVERPOPULATION.
IF WE DON'T STOP IT NOW, THEY WILL KEEP COMING..

JOIN 756.000 other American patriots at www.numbersusa.com , to stop the travesty of our immigration laws. Learn about Immigration governmental corruption at www.judicialwatch.org

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 1:43PM|#

Espanol made my comment readable. Also, I'm not seeing you deny it, Epi.

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 1:48PM|#

Dagny T.,

I think Epi would need a quirky sidekick to be a coke mule.

"Mac: Do you want to shove heroin into your ass?
Charlie: Dude, I don't want to shove anything in my ass!
Mac: Alright! This is the perfect opportunity to prove how hard we are, and not have to shove anything up our asses!"

|9.22.08 @ 1:54PM|#

I think he's more a mula de drogas.

I carry them in my bloodstream!

I thought part of the guy code was that a friend's sister was off limits?

Ha ha ha, that's funny.

1) Like I would keep my hands off of a friend's sister if we were into each other.
2) My sister is about 100 times more dangerous than any of my friends.

Dagny T.|9.22.08 @ 1:57PM|#

I think Epi would need a quirky sidekick to be a coke mule.

Or maybe that's what the stop at the hot sister's place is for. Her name isn't Sweet Dee, is it, Epi?

|9.22.08 @ 2:00PM|#

Mac: Alright! This is the perfect opportunity to prove how hard we are, and not have to shove anything up our asses!

"I'm so hard that people are scared of me and they should be. 'Cause I'll explode all over them."

|9.22.08 @ 2:04PM|#

Researchers at the University of Arizona and Arizona State University are working on a two-year study that will attempt to quantify the economic impact of the nation's most punitive employer sanctions law.

Being an academic myself, I have no doubt these studies will leave out collective costs (extra traffic, wear and tear on parks, public infrastructure, etc) and more importantly will not even address the cots children of illegals (who are 'US citizens' due to a quirk in the Constitution) who obviously wouldn't be here if the law was enforced.

Its got to be said again and again, you 'libertarians' are insane in promoting immigration. What mass immigration (legal and illegal) gets you is a population that requires massive amounts of wealth transfer and has the political power to pass it --see Fabian Nunez in California. You are setting this country up for PRI style rule.

But I suspect that deep down most writers for Reason don't really care about individual rights or curbing state power. What you really want is transformation of our current society -- demographically and culturally. All this stuff about limiting the government is just eye-wash.

|9.22.08 @ 2:08PM|#

Her name isn't Sweet Dee, is it, Epi?

No, but I could see my sister and I getting into Dennis/Dee trouble. She's mellowed a bit, but she used to be pretty nuts.

Frank: There is nothing more threatening to a man than a woman who is smart and attractive. We have to pretend you're both!

Sweet Dee: Wow, you're a horrible father.

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 2:13PM|#

Episiarch,

Shenanigans at your sisters side? Sweet! Like when Dennis/Dee go on welfare!

"Let's all recognize that this is a little awkward situation between friends at the welfare store and let's go our separate ways, okay?"

|9.22.08 @ 2:28PM|#

Shenanigans at your sisters side? Sweet! Like when Dennis/Dee go on welfare!

She also always has hot friends. Plenty of them ;-)

rhywun|9.22.08 @ 2:29PM|#

What you really want is transformation of our current society -- demographically and culturally. All this stuff about limiting the government is just eye-wash.

You do realize that freezing society at your preferred ethnic/cultural mix requires lots of government power, right? Reducing the size and scope of government isn't going to somehow magically prevent people you don't like from attempting to exercise their freedom to live and work where they want.

Naga Sadow|9.22.08 @ 2:40PM|#

I am green with envy, Epi. My brothers only female friends are not only skanky but ugly. (sigh)

dhex|9.22.08 @ 2:49PM|#

What you really want is transformation of our current society -- demographically and culturally.

i'd be curious to hear reason's master plan in this particular area.

shecky|9.22.08 @ 2:49PM|#

But I suspect that deep down most writers for Reason don't really care about individual rights or curbing state power. What you really want is transformation of our current society -- demographically and culturally. All this stuff about limiting the government is just eye-wash.

Society transforms, end of story. I think most folks around here would prefer it happen without government coercion. Government regulating immigration can only be achieved by stomping on individual rights and increasing state power.

|9.22.08 @ 2:55PM|#

Mitchell
Being an academic myself, I have no doubt these studies will leave out collective costs (extra traffic, wear and tear on parks, public infrastructure, etc)

What's a "collective" cost? Because it sounds to me like a red herring.

[A]nd more importantly will not even address the co[s]ts [of the] children of illegals (who are 'US citizens' due to a quirk in the Constitution) who obviously wouldn't be here if the law was enforced.

Same could be said about any other person that is born in the U.S., and so we could have a discussion about the morality of Americans having children, considering they would "cost" someone, too. Again, sounds more like a red herring.

Its got to be said again and again, you 'libertarians' are insane in promoting immigration. What mass immigration (legal and illegal) gets you is a population that requires massive amounts of wealth transfer and has the political power to pass it --see Fabian Nunez in California. You are setting this country up for PRI style rule.

Americans already have a P.R.I.-like rule, even without the immigrants: the Dem-agogues and the Republi-rats are one and the same. Also, not all immigrants (illegal or otherwise) come from Mexico. Plenty of them come from other countries, especially Asia.

(For those that do not get what PRI means, it stands for the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the Mexican party that ruled Mexico for 80 years, controlling all from elections to the economy... somewhat akin to what gringos have now.)


But I suspect that deep down most writers for Reason don't really care about individual rights or curbing state power.

That's a "no true Scotsman" fallacy, Mitchell. A person has a natural right to migrate - people do that all the time. Immigration becomes illegal only due to the State's caprice, not because of something fundamentally wrong with migrating. As for the political power immigrants obtain, that is a failing of modern democracy and not a particular characteristic of migrants.

Michael|9.22.08 @ 3:08PM|#

I love Reason - except for the open-borders bit. I don't want to live around Mexicans - pure and simple - they're not my culture and personally I was very happy before they got to my hometown. There were none in my area when I was a kid 15 years ago. Now much of my town is Mexican. If I wanted to live with them I would have moved to Mexico long ago. My family has lived in our area for 300 years. And our organic local culture is being changed and the locals, Blacks and Whites, are being outnumbered by Mexicans and they're pretty mad about it. I'm for closing the borders, ending birthright citizenship and doing all else we can to reduce the number of them in our State. I have absolutely zero against Mexicans - who stay in Mexico.

dhex|9.22.08 @ 3:22PM|#

organic local cultures change, homeslice. that's what makes them organic.

|9.22.08 @ 3:25PM|#

From Brittanicus' post:
Illegal Immigration is lowering wages and stealing jobs from legal Americans.

What's a "legal American"? Because there are non-native LEGAL immigrants. Also, immigrations is NOT by itself lowering wages - that's being done by inflation, courtesy of your friendly neighborhood FedRes chairman. Anyway, even on the face of lowering purchasing power, immigration allows companies to maintain or even lower prices on certain goods, especially food. Take out the immigrants, and first to go up will be food prices.

This major issue is costing taxpayers too much.

Government costs the taxpayers too much, not immigration.

Higher property taxes, free health care, education and a multitude of government welfare programs

The quarrel is with the welfare state then, not immigration. Also, it is kind of hypocritical to point out the costs of, let us say, educating the children of illegal (or undocumented) immigrants, when education is not optional - the State can take their kids if they are not send to school. What to stop the hemorrhage? Get rid of compulsory education, which is lousy and expensive anyway.


Just take a look at 'Sanctuary City' California's financial demise. $ 11. billion dollars is attributed to the illegal immigrant welfare, who have drained the states funds.

You cannot get welfare without a SSN, so those funds are being funneled to American-born people mostly. It's a red herring anyway - the problem is not immigration but the welfare state itself.

|9.22.08 @ 3:32PM|#

I have absolutely zero against Mexicans - who stay in Mexico.

I imagine you feel the same even for those Mexicans that are in the US legally, right? I mean, just to know where you stand...

|9.22.08 @ 3:43PM|#

" Francisco Torres "

You are either a legal immigrant or a Citizen of the U.S.

If you are a Citizen of the U.S. of Latino decent your not Mexican or any other South American Nationality, you are a American. Period!

If your heritage confuses your nationality, well this is common problem created by the Liberals need to be Politically Correct all the time and understandable. Easily Corrected by stop calling yourself by your Heritage and call yourself by "Citizenship" regardless of RACE.

If you are here Illegally then you are a criminal regardless of you nationality and you should be deported. Period!

Michael|9.22.08 @ 3:48PM|#

Francisco Torres, there were basically zero Mexicans in my State only 15 or 20 years ago - I never even saw one until I was probably 12 years old. The people of my State (predominently Scots-Irish and Black Americans) have lived in our same area for 300 years. I have much more loyalty to it than I do to the Empire (as I refer to the US). Personally, I would say that California or Illinois can have as many Mexicans as they want. That's not my issue. California and Illinois are not my lands - I really care nothing for them to be honest. I would just assume they went their way and we went ours. I would strongly prefer my own State's population stays predominently as it has been for the last 250-300 years - Scots-Irish and Black Americans. To me, that's my country - our shared land and culture, heritage, history, etc - not the Empire, so I naturally have no regard at all for its citizenship laws and all. As I said I have nothing against Mexicans who stay in their culture and land. An occasional visitor or whatnot from Mexico would be warmly welcomed in my area - we just don't want to be replaced (and that is very much what is happening).

Brian|9.22.08 @ 4:21PM|#

Kerry Howley for VP.

|9.22.08 @ 4:30PM|#

The paranoid rantings of the anti-immigration crowd is truly depressing but enlightening. First it shows that conservatives know jack-all about free market economics. Second, it proves they have no desire to have small government.

Take a look at the moronic post by Brittanicus. Anyone dare try to figure out how many economic fallacies, along with factual errors, he has compressed into his little rant? It appears that each sentence contains at least one and some manage more than one. Of course he even falls for that Green crap about overpopulation.

I swear the anti-immigration crowd were beaten by their mothers with a "stupid stick" because they exhibit some of the least informed positions I've ever seen. They are economic illiterates who don't comprehend the most basic principles of market economics. If you thought socialists were dumb when it comes to markets then take a look at the nativists and their fallacies. The typical socialist almost looks like at a Misesian compared to them.

Mr. Young's silly view is that the only way to stop big government is to have big government. To advocate freedom in migration, he says, means you oppose individual rights and want big government. And apparently the only way to stop this is to violate individual rights and have big government. Alas, the logic of bigotry.

At least Michael is honest to admit he's a bigot who doesn't want to live around Mexicans. Personally I would prefer to live next to someone who is willing to go through a major effort to find a job than next to some pampered, whining bigot who thinks he's entitled to mould the world into his own stilted image. But at least this would-be sheet-wearer seems to say he's happy with Blacks staying and is happy with Mexicans in Mexico. But why stop there? Why not send the Blacks to Africa and the Poles back to Poland, and the Japanese back to Japan. I suspect there are more than a few native Americans willing to send all people back to the countries from which they, or their ancestors, came. Where would Michael be deported to? I just want to make sure I don't end up in the same country.

To me the strongest case for immigration is the hope that we can have more people who truly understand the value of freedom and don't try to cloak their bigotry and prejudice in American values. The real anti-Americans are the cry-baby bigots who want to blame their own inadequacies on immigrants.

rhywun|9.22.08 @ 5:42PM|#

If I wanted to live with them I would have moved to Mexico long ago.

We have this silly thing called property rights in America. If you don't want any Mexicans mixing into your "organic" culture, you can always purchase enough land around yourself to keep 'em out.

|9.22.08 @ 7:47PM|#

""If I wanted to live with them I would have moved to Mexico long ago."

We have this silly thing called property rights in America. If you don't want any Mexicans mixing into your "organic" culture, you can always purchase enough land around yourself to keep 'em out."

We USED to have something called freedom of association in the US. Now when you exercise that right, it's called illegal discrimination.

|9.22.08 @ 7:56PM|#

We have this silly thing called property rights in America. If you don't want any Mexicans mixing into your "organic" culture, you can always purchase enough land around yourself to keep 'em out.

We also have things called sovereignty, rule of law, and democracy. If the citizenry decides, through their elected representatives, that they don't want to let certain people in, for any reason or no reason at all, that is their prerogative. And they have exercised it. Deal.

|9.22.08 @ 7:58PM|#

We USED to have something called freedom of association in the US. Now when you exercise that right, it's called illegal discrimination.

I'm all for freedom of association. I think people should be free to associate or to not associate with anyone they want.

Employers, however, are not free to associate with anyone they want. That's where freedom of association is actually lacking.

|9.22.08 @ 7:59PM|#

We also have things called sovereignty, rule of law, and democracy. If the citizenry decides, through their elected representatives, that they don't want to let certain people in, for any reason or no reason at all, that is their prerogative. And they have exercised it. Deal.

Ah. Might makes right. I should've figured...

|9.22.08 @ 11:49PM|#

....A HARD TIME RESOLVING TODAY'S MATH PROBLEM.....

(A) equals the 4 to 5 million non-immigrants (illegals) who have overstayed their visas, and remain in our United States (source: Pew Hispanic Center)

SOUTHWEST BORDER APPREHENSIONS (Source DHS/CPB)
1987--1,190,488------1995--1,394,554------2003----905,065
1988--1,008,145------1996--1,649,986------2004--1,139,282
1989----954,243------1997--1,422,829------2005--1,189,108
1990--1,169,939------1998--1,566,984------2006--1,071,972
1991--1,197,875------1999--1,537,000------2007----858,638
1992--1,258,482------2000--1,643,679------2008----660,288 (ends 9/30)
1993--1,327,259------2001--1,235,718
1994--1,094,717------2002----929,809
---------9,201,148-------------11,380,559---------------5,824,353

FACT: In the last 22 years, over 26 million illegals, have been apprehended, crossing our Southwest Border.

FACT: Less than 1, out of 4, were estimated to have been apprehended.

(B) equals the number of illegals that entered our United States between 1987 and 2008????

A + B equals the Total Number Of Illegals In Our United States

|9.22.08 @ 11:53PM|#

'co-owner of 60 Carl's Jr. restaurants in Arizona'

What I think a lot of people don't understand is that MANY businesses would not exist if they couldn't hire illegal immigrants.

An example of this being that, without illegal immigrants, there could not be a Carl's Jr. every 1/4 mile selling $.99 hamburgers because they can pay their employees minimum wage and buy beef for $.79 per pound from companies like Agriprocessors.

|9.22.08 @ 11:56PM|#

'Ah. Might makes right. I should've figured...'

This is not 'might makes right'. This is known as 'We the People' creating law.

|9.23.08 @ 1:20AM|#

This is not 'might makes right'. This is known as 'We the People' creating law.

'We the People' also created law that enabled and enforced slavery, Jim Crow, and the drug war. Does that make those right?

No name commenter's "argument" is predicated completely on sovereignty, not on rule of law or on democracy as claimed. Unless he wishes to reappear and construct an argument that democracies always do the right thing, he is essentially defending whatever the government happens to do.

Positive statements such as "sovereignty means that the government can do whatever it wants in the territory it governs" are non sequiturs in normative arguments such as "what should governments do".

|9.23.08 @ 1:23AM|#

A + B equals the Total Number Of Illegals In Our United States

You are missing the math that shows that no illegal can leave the United States.

Kendall|9.23.08 @ 1:56AM|#

Why does no-one make the point that paying illegal immigrants less than minimum wage (and lets be realistic here, why else are you hiring illegals) is basically the same thing as Nike having five-year olds produce shooes for pennies a day?

At the end of the article, he's right that businesses are not healthy that rely on cheap labor - but it's not healthy for the labor as well in the long run, as it creates a very real underclass and makes it even harder for the poor to move up in life.

Kendall|9.23.08 @ 2:00AM|#

@him There is hardly any such thing as an "anti-immigration" crowd. There is a very real "anti-illegal-immigration" crowd, and with good reason. It's not fair to let people cut lines - it really is that simple. People wait in Mexico (or Canada or Ireland or wherever) to get in legally with a limited number of slots, why exactly should some people be able to get in just because they can walk really well? Do we honestly want a bunch of cheaters as the primary inflow to our culture?

We obviously need to contain illegal immigration first to stop the cheating - but then make it MUCH easier to immigrate legally and increase throughput in the system and favor people with families here already.

|9.23.08 @ 3:32AM|#

Why does no-one make the point that paying illegal immigrants less than minimum wage (and lets be realistic here, why else are you hiring illegals) is basically the same thing as Nike having five-year olds produce shooes for pennies a day?

Perhaps because (a) illegal immigrants are generally not paid less than minimum wage, and (b) illegal immigrants are generally adults capable of making their own employment decisions.

We obviously need to contain illegal immigration first to stop the cheating - but then make it MUCH easier to immigrate legally and increase throughput in the system and favor people with families here already.

Why in that order? If we make it MUCH easier to immigrate legally, then illegal immigration will slow to nil as labor demand can be satisfied by legal immigrants. In particular, if the only illegal immigrants are those who have individually been denied entry due to specific and valid reason, then there will be zero incentive for anyone to employ illegal immigrants.

|9.23.08 @ 4:33AM|#

Mr. Young's silly view is that the only way to stop big government is to have big government. To advocate freedom in migration, he says, means you oppose individual rights and want big government.

No, I am simply stating the empirical fact, when you have massive immigration by poor people into your country they are going to organize to give you big government. In a democracy, that is what you are going to get. You are being short-sighted. Its already happened in California, it will procede apace in Texas, Arizona, North Carolina, anywhere that is impacted.

Why in that order? If we make it MUCH easier to immigrate legally, then illegal immigration will slow to nil as labor demand can be satisfied by legal immigrants.

If we open our borders, I standard of living will shrink to that of Bangladesh. There is simply no doubt. Look at the colonias along the Texas border, they might as well be in Mexico, they are that poor. I'd rather my whole country not become like that. Those of you who love cheap labor are free to pursue it abroad (well, actually you aren't because most countries enforce their immigration laws)

You know why Ms. Howley fears this politician -- she is afraid this experiment will work.

Marian Kechlibar|9.23.08 @ 4:41AM|#

I wonder how do libertarians solve the cultural clashes that inevitably arise with unlimited immigration? My impression is that most of them just close their eyes and proclaim "No way, everyone will pursuit happiness via good jobs and we will all get together on a yellow submarine".

This is not a lame attempt at trolling. I am very much pro-business. But I am an European too, and half of my family lives in the Balkans. Given their life stories, I am NOT optimistic about the ability of various cultures to live together without periodic outbursts of violence, from gang-level to war-level. And it is not the state's fault; the Balkans have been a toxic cauldron of hatred already in times when the society there was basically anarchic or tribal.

Even the USA is a good example, albeit people do not realize it. The Amerindians of the Great Plains just got pushed into reservations, because their concept of liberty (no individual ownership of land, huge hunting grounds etc.) was seriously incompatible with the concept of liberty of immigrant farmers (land divided into individual farms). At the end of the day, the concept that had more firepower won.

I have traveled around the Middle East and I am also aware that for Muslim fundamentalists, the concept of liberty is equality between Muslim men and subjugation of religious minorities and women of all kinds. They view it as a state of things given by God and are willing to use sword to enforce it.

How would a quarter-Indian, quarter-Balkan, quarter-Anglosaxon and quarter-Muslim society look like?

My possible answer: a lot of bloodshed and, at the end, emergence of a single victor who utterly marginalizes the rest.

|9.23.08 @ 4:41AM|#

Libertarianism should not mean limiting the power of the government in protecting the borders. In fact, guarding the borders and controlling the flow of non-citizens through it should be one of the few legitimate governmental powers. It stands at an intermediary position between internal law enforcement (police) and external defense (army).

Articles like this, that e.g. blame the US gov for the activities of the coyotes, together with approving quotations apeparing elsewhere from certified leftso loonies such as Glenn Greenwald of Salon, show that Reason is a pseudo-libertarian publication. Maybe it was some time ago but by today it is Libertarian in name only.

Don't let the ads for Palin tee shirts deceive you.

Marian Kechlibar|9.23.08 @ 4:59AM|#

The Americans are uniquely lucky nation in the whole history of the world, and they do not realize it. They have an extremely big and fertile country and population which basically adheres to the same values. Therefore, they do not realize that people can be divided very seriously when they profess different sets of values. Up to war and genocide.

The American Civil War was an example of what happens if two incompatible sets of values clash. It was an extremely ugly clash, which resembled the First World War, and, if barbed wire existed in the 1860s, it could easily have stretched for 15 years instead of 4. But it happened long ago and its atrocities are forgotten. So contemporary Americans think that peace and business and liberty are the natural state of the society, and not a big exception that is caused by relative uniformity of American values and culture over all the USA.

At the same time, Israelis and Syrians have waged a 60-year old war about the Golani, a place of size of New York City, and no end seems to be in sight anytime soon. And the core of the conflict (1948 independence war) was ethnic and religious, not statist. It only assumed statist form because it was more effective in warfare.

At the same time, Colombian FARC has been killing scores of people in the name of Marx and Lenin.

At the same time, Kosovars and Serbs must be separated by troops from the rest of the world, to prevent genocidal rage. And no, Kosovo is not a particularly big-government state.

I think that pro-immigration folks who are not pro-assimilation at the same time (yes, assimilation worked in US history) should seriously study history of mankind and devote some time to the parts that describe war and strife from conflicts of civilizations and cultures.

<strike>Cosmotarians</strike>|9.23.08 @ 7:58AM|#

i'd be curious to hear reason's master plan in this particular area.

What master plan? The inclination to disrupt society via immigration is derived from the same motivation as an adolescent's inclination to fart at the dinner table. Mr. Young is correct - Reason and it's minions have little interest in any actual philosophy of liberty (notice they consistently fail to articulate one), and a lot of interest in merely giving the dominant mainstream culture a slap in the face. Note that the issues they champion as "freedom" have no consistent philosophical basis, the only thing they have in common is that most Americans find them objectionable. There's nothing libertarian about them at all, they'd be more aptly described as the Post-Socialist Left. Think of them as Yippies for Profit.

|9.23.08 @ 8:09AM|#

Kerry Howley, what a beautiful well-researched swansong for Reason. You will be missed immensely (Please don't leave!). You have written a well researched story that splits libertarians down the middle, so I have seen by the comments. Me, I am hardly a xenophobe; I used to work ditches with my brown brothers from Mexico paying my way through college. Now I work on airplanes with many a 'gay' colleague. I understand the world in a weird way that non-travelers may not. I am NOT their superior, I just see things they may not. AND THAT HAS MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE:

Racist Creep|9.23.08 @ 8:22AM|#

Fellow Libertarians,

It's not our brown brothers that are bringing us down, it is policy that says to anyone "There is free shit here!" But free shit goes out to everyone (white-trash & niggers included). I always thought that we Reason-able peeps were anti-free-shit.At the same time niggers are peeps & so are white-trash. (Those eponyms are creepy shit)

I understand that that happens, but let's enumerate the figures honestly. Kerry's stories were mostly anecdotal, fair enough, but she gave some interesting figures as well. Are they honest?

|9.23.08 @ 10:21AM|#

If we open our borders, I standard of living will shrink to that of Bangladesh. There is simply no doubt.

What is the source of your confidence? There is certainly no economic explanation for such a fall in standard of living. What's the mechanism you predict?

Also, when the borders were open prior to World War I, what country's standard of living did the US's shrink to then?

Marian Kechlibar|9.23.08 @ 10:43AM|#

MikeP: I can think of one mechanism, which can be observed at work in Western European cities, in "problematic" neighbourhoods where immigrants from the Near East and Africa often reside.

1. The local indigenous population is resentful against newcomers. They do not get jobs even if they try (and some cultures do not really appreciate the "work for money" approach to work, so not everyone really tries). Quite often they also cannot get any jobs because they have no useful qualification.

2. From the jobless young males, ethnic gangs form, which engage in various illicit trades.

3. These gangs are intractable for the police, as the police does not speak the necessary languages and does not have trust of the immigrant community, which is reluctant to turn their own sons to jail (the classical "us vs. them" divide).

4. The ensuing violence destroys the local economy.

For practical experience, visit almost any French-Arab neighborhood, the same in Sweden, Britain, Netherlands, Italy, Germany. Some of them are, alas, hardcore no-go zones where even police does not dare enter.

Marian Kechlibar|9.23.08 @ 10:53AM|#

One more comment regarding MikeP.

The economy before World War I had a lot of opportunities for unqualified young males. An illiterate person from Sicily could arrive to New York one day and work on a construction site the next day. It was pretty easy to make a living without schools, without knowledge of language, and without temptation to join organized crime.

This effect was seen not only in the USA, but also in the Austrian-Hungarian empire, which was very multiethnic and multicultural, but yet quite peaceful.

The economy today is much less friendly to uneducated people without language skills. I do not think that an average Somali person can get reasonable work in NYC in a day or two.

|9.23.08 @ 11:05AM|#

I see it almost 1/6 of a work-year or 60 days a year what goes on in France. The French deal with immigrant populations differently then the USA for better or worse. Their social programs are different. Let's let France run France for better or worse. You decide whether a visit is worthy given the pricetag and thence you become that precious Libertarian you profess to be. Bottom line.

|9.23.08 @ 11:12AM|#

I can think of one mechanism, which can be observed at work in Western European cities, in "problematic" neighbourhoods where immigrants from the Near East and Africa often reside.

Yeah. I figured it might be something like that, going through step 1, which requires unfree labor markets and intentional welfare, through step 2, which requires laws against consensual trade, and into the depths of gang violence pushing out traditional authority.

So have France, Sweden, Britain, Netherlands, Italy, or Germany actually sunk below Bangladesh yet -- or are they just at that level now -- because I don't think Bangladesh actually has as bad a gang problem as you describe.

|9.23.08 @ 3:54PM|#

"""SOUTHWEST BORDER APPREHENSIONS (Source DHS/CPB)
1987--1,190,488------1995--1,394,554------2003----905,065
1988--1,008,145------1996--1,649,986------2004--1,139,282
1989----954,243------1997--1,422,829------2005--1,189,108
1990--1,169,939------1998--1,566,984------2006--1,071,972
1991--1,197,875------1999--1,537,000------2007----858,638
1992--1,258,482------2000--1,643,679------2008----660,288 (ends 9/30)
1993--1,327,259------2001--1,235,718
1994--1,094,717------2002----929,809
---------9,201,148-------------11,380,559---------------5,824,353

FACT: In the last 22 years, over 26 million illegals, have been apprehended, crossing our Southwest Border.""""

That's a tricky one. How many in that count are duplicates? The same person apprehended more than once. So the actual number of people caught is less than reported. I do find it interesting that the most apprenhensions in that list occured in the Clinton years.

"""At the end of the article, he's right that businesses are not healthy that rely on cheap labor - but it's not healthy for the labor as well in the long run, as it creates a very real underclass and makes it even harder for the poor to move up in life."""

To be known as the walmart class.

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 3:48AM|#

Mike, almost the same mechanism works in Algeria or Morocco, which have practically no real-world small business restrictions (by which I mean that a small bribe will keep the police and the local revenue service out of your door), and which have absolutely no welfare systems.

Local resentments between the city Arabs, the Bedouin, the Berbers and the Kabyles work pretty much the same way as between French and "Beurs" in Europe. Unemployment among young people is even higher.

The only difference is that in Algeria the unemployed youth quite often joins the jihadist insurgency which goes on since 1992.

One part of the problem is that the educational systems in third-world countries are often extremely dysfunctional, and they give you no real knowledge to use on labor market. For example, in Pakistan, more than 50% of the children attend "madrassahs", which are "schools" that only memorize Quran in Arabic and nothing else. Basically, a graduate will be illiterate in his own language (Pashtun, Dari, Urdu etc.), not to mention English.

It is also worth noting that third-world countries that have good schools progress quite fast to first-world level (Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan or Mauritius have already managed that. Thailand, Malaysia, China, India are on their way).

I do not see any easy way how several billion illiterate people from the third world could make a decent living in the current knowledge economy. Some of them, yes. Most of them, no.

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 3:54AM|#

One more answer to MikeP.

So have France, Sweden, Britain, Netherlands, Italy, or Germany actually sunk below Bangladesh yet -- or are they just at that level now -- because I don't think Bangladesh actually has as bad a gang problem as you describe.

This is a very regionalized issue. The countries as a whole - not. But the 'problematic neighborhoods' really remind one of the places in Maghreb as far as people, crime and lack of policing are concerned. (The city infrastructure like sidewalks and traffic signs are a leftover from better future).

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 3:55AM|#

Sorry, it should be "from better past". Me stupid.

|9.24.08 @ 4:02AM|#

I do not see any easy way how several billion illiterate people from the third world could make a decent living in the current knowledge economy. Some of them, yes. Most of them, no.

Then so long as the US doesn't hand out welfare to immigrants, you have little to fear from hordes of illiterate people coming to the US.

Immigrants will migrate from poor countries to rich only if they find opportunities that are better than what they had at home. Given the limited number of unskilled jobs and the limited ability of the modern economy to generate more unskilled jobs, there is a naturally imposed market limit on how many unskilled people will migrate.

|9.24.08 @ 4:06AM|#

This is a very regionalized issue. The countries as a whole - not.

I take it then that you don't actually defend Mitchell Young's ridiculous "If we open our borders, I standard of living will shrink to that of Bangladesh. There is simply no doubt."

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 4:11AM|#

Immigrants will migrate from poor countries to rich only if they find opportunities that are better than what they had at home.

Two arguments against.

First, it is significantly better to be a homeless beggar or gangster or even prisoner (with the small exception of the death row) in the USA, then to be an average person in Somalia, Chad, Central African Republic, Chad, etc. Your life expectancy is much higher, you get food and drink and shelter more easily.

Second, people from third world countries often have weird concepts of the West. I remember Haider al-Khooei, a young Shiite cleric studying in London, telling about his visit in Najaf, Iraq: "People would ask me whether it is true that in London you get money just by sticking a card into a wall. I had to explain them that you had to work for that money first." For an African who has no education, West is simply a paradise seen on a TV, and that is that.

Currently, the Swiss government sponsored a series of TV commercials in Cameroon and Nigeria, whose theme was "Switzerland is not a paradise, living on the street here is very hard. Think twice before you come."

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 4:19AM|#

I take it then that you don't actually defend Mitchell Young's ridiculous "If we open our borders, I standard of living will shrink to that of Bangladesh. There is simply no doubt."

My take: the middle class lives pretty comfortable lives everywhere around the world. But in the West, where the middle class is the norm, it is much more pleasant living than in South Africa, where the middle class lives in walled and gated communities surrounded by barbed wire and watched by 24-hour armed security, to prevent themselves from being submerged in sea of lawlessness outside.

The fragmentation of European cities is very telling. So far, the middle class is more numerous, but the 'bad neigbourhoods' look pretty creepy. Surely almost no one wants to live at the 'fault line' between them.

Marian Kechlibar|9.24.08 @ 4:27AM|#

BTW, one more comment, this time really concerning Bangladesh.

One of the reasons why Calcutta in India is almost an unlivable city, is about 10 million refugees from the Bangladesh civil wars of the 1970s, who literally live and die in the street. Once again - illiterate, mostly jobless.

Yes, the wealthier Calcuttans can avoid contact with them to some degree, but the level of contagious diseases in the region has jumped considerably up since the British India times, and even a wealthy brahmin will succumb to cholera.

QJS|9.24.08 @ 8:03AM|#

Immigrants will migrate from poor countries to rich only if they find opportunities that are better than what they had at home. Given the limited number of unskilled jobs and the limited ability of the modern economy to generate more unskilled jobs, there is a naturally imposed market limit on how many unskilled people will migrate.

A bogus argument. Are jobs the only incentive? I think not. Even if you're eating out of a trash can, the pickings are still going to be more abundant in a rich country than a poor one even if you don't factor in welfare. If you're unemployed do you really think you'll be better off in Juarez than in Los Angeles? I don't think so.

|9.24.08 @ 11:26AM|#

Marxists on the March

If the gov't cannot secure our border, then it is to them we should direct our outrage for their negligence. Failure to uphold the law is the first problem. Having said that, if our legislators were capable of eliminating the multitudinous socialist entitlements and cultural phenomena in the form of hand-outs, free health care, (including the same for legals, that is to say everyone!), of teaching Spanish languages in schools, driving tests in Spanish (are street signs in spanish?), and finally getting rid of minimum wage so I could employ them to clean my house at a rate that I could afford, and thereby provide a job, then I say, Heck, yeah, let them all in.

|9.24.08 @ 11:50AM|#

A bogus argument.

Consider that over the decades of de jure free migration across the southern border and the decades of de facto free migration across the southern border we haven't seen what you describe happen. Migrants come to work. If the border is easy to cross, many even elect to work seasonally and return to their home countries when work is not plentiful.

But against such a fear as yours coming true, a fair compromise would be to make a residence visa require having a residence and having a means of support. If seas of impoverished immigrants begin living in the streets or digging through trash cans, sweep them up, check their residence and income, and suspend their respective visas as warranted.